Korean has two types of voiceless alveolar fricatives One is called aspirated and the other tense (Kagaya, 1974) The aspirated fricatives have also been called lax fricatives because phonolog1cally they act hke a lax obstruent, undergomg a set of processes that lax stops do For example, Korean lax stops and Isl undergo post-obstruent tensmg {Sohn 1999) Aspirated stops (e g, ch), however, do not...

The 2013 Final Rule on major capital investment projects revised the measures that FTA uses to evaluate and rate proposed major transit projects. Among the revised measures, the Final Rule specifies that mobility benefits are now measured as the predicted number of trips that would use the project, with a weight of 2.0 applied to project trips that would be made by transit dependents. The Final...

In processing connected speech, listeners must parse a highly variable signal. We investigate processing of a particular type of production variability, namely epenthetic stops between nasals and obstruents. Using a phoneme monitoring task and a dictation task, we test listeners' perception of epenthetic stops (which are not part of the string of segments intended by the speaker). We con"rm tha...

Many languages exhibit a voicing distinction with two series of stops, voiced and voiceless, which differ primarily in the relative timing between the consonantal release and the onset of laryngeal vibration, known as voice onset time (VOT) (Lisker and Abramson, 1964). While the exact implementation of VOT for the voicing contrast differs among languages, long lag VOTs, with a long delay betwee...

Unlike most of the world's languages, Korean distinguishes three types of voiceless stops, namely lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops. All occur at three places of articulation. In previous work, acoustic measurements are mostly collapsed over the three places of articulation. This study therefore provides acoustic measurements of Korean lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops at all three places of ...

all animals display profound variations in their physiology over a 24-h period, including changes in locomotor activity, hormone production, metabolism and neural activity. these rhythms are endogenously generated by the circadian system and provide a selective advantage by enabling organisms to anticipate both daily and seasonal changes in the environment. as a result, normal physiology is dyn...