objective: to compare the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on severity of primary dysmenorrhea. materials and methods: this randomized clinical trial was conducted on 105 female students who were suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. the participants were divided into aerobic exercise, stretching exercise, and control groups. the two intervention groups did the exercises three times a...

Economic research provides several reasons to explain why the gender wage gap still persists. One reason is the negotiation gap, whereby women are less likely to use and benefit from negotiation compared to men. This paper describes an active-learning exercise in which students are empowered to learn and practice basic negotiation strategy in a distributive bargaining framework. Students active...

What should be taught in a library instruction program for general biology students is presented and two ways of providing the instruction are discussed. The two methods, lecture-demonstration and guided exercise (form of programmed instruction), are described, and evaluated for their effectiveness. The evaluations considered are students' ability to collect a satisfactory bibliography, scores ...

The exercise of conscience can have far reaching effects. Poor behaviour can be fatal, as it has occurred in various medical scandals over the years. This article takes a wide definition of conscience as its starting point, and argues that the decision-making processes open to society--legal regulation and professional regulation--can serve to limit the options available to an individual and th...

Surveillance plays a crucial role in public health and for obvious reasons conflicts with individual privacy. This article argues that the predominant approach to the conflict--relying on a conceptual distinction between research and practice--is problematic and then offers an alternative. It outlines a basic interests approach to public health measures and an unreasonable exercise argument, wh...

OBJECTIVE To explore reasons for the lack of efficacy of a high intensity aerobic exercise program in post-polio syndrome (PPS) on cardiorespiratory fitness by evaluating adherence to the training program and effects on muscle function. DESIGN A process evaluation using data from an RCT. PATIENTS Forty-four severely fatigued individuals with PPS were randomized to exercise therapy (n = 22) ...

The 5 -AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multisubstrate serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and functions as an intracellular fuel sensor activated by depletion of high energy phosphate compounds. The α2 isoform is by far the most abundant in skeletal muscle, representing at least 66% of total AMPK activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the relation of exercise capacity and BMI to mortality in a population of male veterans with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After excluding two underweight patients (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), the study population comprised 831 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61 +/- 9 years) referred for exercise testing for clinical reasons between 1995 and 2...

BACKGROUND Exercise has the potential to modulate a number of complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, typically, CKD patients lead very sedentary lifestyles, the reasons for which are not fully known. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the motivators, barriers and beliefs held by CKD patients regarding exercise. METHODS We conducted ...

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high levels of disability and mortality. Regular exercise prevents premature disability and mortality, but people with T2DM are generally sedentary for reasons that are not fully established. We previously observed that premenopausal women with T2DM report greater effort during exercise than their counterparts without diabetes, as mea...