Current techniques to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production and elimination in the lungs are inherently nonspecific or are cumbersome to perform (multiple-breathing maneuvers). We present a new technique capable of estimating key flow-independent parameters characteristic of NO exchange in the lungs: 1) the steady-state alveolar concentration (C(alv,ss)), 2) the maximum flux of NO from the airw...

The olfactory recess - a blind pocket at the back of the nasal airway - is thought to play an important role in mammalian olfaction by sequestering air outside of the main airstream, thus giving odorants time to re-circulate. Several studies have shown that species with large olfactory recesses tend to have a well-developed sense of smell. However, no study has investigated how the size of the ...

To clarify the mechanism of radon transport from soil to surface, long term continuous measurements of radon exhalation were conducted at one site in combination with measurements of radon concentration in soil gas, soil temperature, pressure difference, soil moisture and meteorological parameters. Based on the results of measurements over a two year period, the influence of meteorological and ...

Cyclical recruitment of atelectasis with each breath is thought to contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury. Extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) can maintain alveolar recruitment at end exhalation, but PEEPe depresses cardiac output and increases overdistension. Short exhalation times can also maintain end-expiratory recruitment, but if the mechanism of this recruitment is...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease that emerged in December of 2019, threatening human health and leading to global public crises. Airborne transmission via droplets aerosol has been recently recognized as one the infection modes for SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hospitals have deployed/incorporated indoor air purifiers with hope minimize risk Nevert...

Previous approaches to the measurements of pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (QC) utilized either the rebreathing or the single inhalation technique in conjunction with radioisotope gas and mass spectrometry. In the present study, we utilized a newly developed rapid infrared analyzer in conjunction with the slow single exhalation technique on 100 healthy volun...

Problem statement: Uranium is a radiotoxic element found in trace quantities in alomost all natural accurring materials like soil, rock. Radon an inert radioactive gas whose predecessor in uranium, is emitted from soil beneath the house and from building materials. Accurate knowledge of exhalation rate plays an important role in characterization of the radon source strength in some building mat...

Radon is a natural radioactive element in the gaseous form. It is a decay product of radium, which is present in all rocks and building materials. Radon escapes from them via diffusion and convection. The effect of radon releasing from solid materials to the pore air is called emanation. The parameters that characterise quantitatively this effect are the emanation coefficient and/or exhalation ...

background: everyone is exposed to radon because it is present everywhere with varying concentrations. radon and its progeny are well established as lung carcinogenic. materials and methods: track etch technique using lr-115 plastic track detectors has been used to measure the effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from urban area of etah district of uttar...

Human airways produce nitric oxide (NO), and exhaled NO increases as expiratory flow rates fall. We show that mixing during exhalation between the NO produced by the lower, alveolar airways (VL(NO)) and the upper conducting airways (VU(NO)) explains this phenomenon and permits measurement of VL(NO), VU(NO), and the NO diffusing capacity of the conducting airways (DU(NO)). After breath holding f...