all-trans retinoic acid (atra), as an active metabolite of vitamin a, has been shown to affect immune cells. this study was performed to evaluate the effect of atra on viability, proliferation, activation and lineage-specific transcription factors of cd4+ t cells. cd4+ t cells were  separated  from  heparinized  blood  of  healthy  donors  and  were  cultured  in conditions, some with, some wit...

BACKGROUND While inflammation predicts mortality in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the prognostic significance of gut barrier dysfunction and phenotypic T-cell markers remains unclear. METHODS We assessed immunologic predictors of mortality in a case-control study within the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (LSOCA), using conditional logistic regre...

INTRODUCTION Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with production of antibodies to double stranded DNA, deposition of immune complexes and organ damage. These processes have been linked with abnormalities in B- and T-cell memory compartments. The aim of the study was to analyze subsets of peripheral memory B-cells and T-cells in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. ...

background: the aim of preliminary study was determined development process status of t-cell population lymphocytes in ukrainian children after 22 years from chernobyl accident for next feasibility study. material and method: 150 participants aged 6 to 16 years are included in three groups: group i (n=65), 30 to 60 km from center accident at zone 3th, group ii (n=65) 60 to 90 km from same locat...

The elevated expression of PD-1, BTLA, and other co-inhibitory molecules on T cells from cancer patients has become an accepted signature for a state called T-cell "exhaustion" that has emerged almost as dogma in the field. However, here we propose that in some cases this "exhausted" T-cell phenotype may instead be an indicator of T cells that are in a more heightened state of T-cell activation...

BACKGROUND Aging and HIV infection are independently associated with excessive immune activation and impaired immune responses to vaccines, but their relationships have not been examined. METHODS For selecting an aging population we enrolled 28 post-menopausal women including 12 healthy volunteers and 16 HIV-infected women on antiretroviral treatment with <100 HIV RNA copies/ml. Antibody tite...

To better understand the immunological mechanisms that permit prolonged shedding of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) from the salivary gland, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of leukocytes infiltrating the submaxillary gland (SMG) were analyzed in infected BALB/c mice. A robust innate immune response, comprised of CD11c+ major histocompatibility complex class II+ CD11b- CD8alpha+ dend...

Background The quantification of PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) has been used to predict patient’s survival, characterize the tumor immune microenvironment, and response checkpoint therapies. However, a framework assess status with high interobserver reproducibility on cells different types yet be established. Materials Methods To study impact expression microenvironment patient outcome...