The membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. The homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, has a molecular weight of 33,000 in contrast to 29,000 for the exoenzyme, and contains 8 to 9 additional residues of aspartate or asparagine, 4 to 5 of serine, 7 of glutamate or glutamine, a...

Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is translocated into eukaryotic cells by the type III secretory process and has been hypothesized to function in conjunction with other virulence factors in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To gain further understanding of how ExoS might contribute to P. aeruginosa survival and virulence, ExoS expression and the structural gene sequence were determined in P. aerugi...

background and objective: probiotics are live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance, producing metabolites which inhibit the colonization or growth of other microorganisms or by competing with them for resources such as nutrients or space. the aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of candida fam...

The Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme selectively ADP-ribosylates low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins RhoA, B and C. This covalent modification inhibits Rho signaling activity, resulting in distinct actin cytoskeleton changes. Although C3 exoenzyme has no binding, the translocation domain assures that C3 enters cells and acts intracellularly. C3 uptake is thought to occur due to the high...

The ras-related protein Rho p21 regulates various actin-dependent functions, including smooth muscle contraction. However, the precise mechanism of action of Rho p21 is still not clear. We report here that Rho A is a key regulator of agonist-induced contractile effects in rabbit colonic smooth muscle. Endothelin-1 and C2 ceramide were used. Both seem to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-...