We present ion-by-ion cooling efficiencies for low-density gas. We use Cloudy (version 10.00) to estimate the cooling efficiencies for each ion of the first 30 elements (H–Zn) individually. We present results for gas temperatures between 104 and 108 K, assuming low densities and optically thin conditions. When nonequilibrium ionization plays a significant role the ionization states deviate from...

This study aimed to synthesize sulfonated polymer resins based on styrene and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) evaluate their catalytic efficiency in glycerol acetylation. A factorial design was used, with two factors, three levels, replicates of the center point. The factors were cross-linker percentage (YTMPTA) feed time (TTMPTA). Ion-exchange capacity, swelling index, analyzed characte...

water and nutrient availability are two major constraints to forage maize production in arid and semi-arid areas; however, the effect of different n levels from organic and inorganic sources on nutrient (i.e., n and p) efficiency under drought stress conditions is not well known for maize faming. thus, a field study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of n fertilization a...

Article history: Received 22 May 2014 Received in revised form 5 December 2014 Accepted 3 April 2015 Available online 24 April 2015 Time series of US patents permillion inhabitants show cyclic structureswhich can be attributed to the different knowledge-generating paradigms that drive innovation systems. The changes in the slopes between the waves can be used to indicate efficiencies in the gen...

A theoretical efficiency has been calculated from the known urea clearance of the artificial kidney, the assumed total body water of the patient, and the initial plasma urea. The efficiency of dialysis never significantly exceeded the calculated figure. In some patients with trauma or glomerulonephritis the efficiency was very poor whereas in patients with renal failure complicating pregnancy t...