In a wireless sensor network where sensors are arranged into a flat topology, sensors near the sink consume much more energy than sensors at the boundary of the network. Sensors near the sink relay many packets than far away sensors to the sink. After these sensors expire, energy holes are created near the sink. Therefore, other sensors cannot reach to the sink and the network becomes disconnec...

Atovaquone is used as a fixed-dose combination with proguanil (Malarone) for treating children and adults with uncomplicated malaria or as chemoprophylaxis for preventing malaria in travellers. Indeed, in the USA, between 2009 and 2011, Malarone prescriptions accounted for 70% of all antimalarial pre-travel prescriptions. In 2013 the patent for Malarone will expire, potentially resulting in a w...

This chapter introduces the reference scenarios developed by the three modeling groups. These scenarios are plausible future paths, not predictions, for by the very nature of their construction they lack the features of predictions or best-judgment forecasts. For example, they assume that in the post-2012 period existing measures to address climate change expire and are never renewed or replace...

The Special Needs Plan (SNP), a new type of Medicare Advantage plan created by the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA), targets one of three special-needs populations--including beneficiaries who qualify both for Medicare and Medicaid benefits ("dual eligibles"), the focus of this issue brief. It identifies the key issues that underlie one of the MMA's central goals for dual eligible SNPs-...

In this paper, we present a new proxy cryptosystem named subject-delegated decryption scheme, in which the original decryptor delegates decryption authority to multiple proxies according to different subjects. The advantage of our scheme is that the proxy authorities are tightly limited (“Tightly” Limited Authority). This means that the proxy authority can be temporarily aborted even if the val...

Documents in digital formats are increasingly becoming a common form of expression for anything from rants and opinions to transaction records and contracts. Archiving such documents for the long term, particularly when their only form is digital, can be very important. Sadly, the principal digital expression of an author’s intent, the digital signature, is not fit for long-term archives of doc...

We propose the first automated method for estimating distance from frontal pictures of unknown faces. Camera calibration is not necessary, nor is the reconstruction of a 3D representation of the shape of the head. Our method is based on estimating automatically the position of face and head landmarks in the image, and then using a regressor to estimate distance from such measurements. We collec...

Convenience food manufacture generates considerable waste through poor planning of production. This problem is particularly acute for products that have a very short shelf life and will be disposed of as waste should their shelf life expire. Chilled ready-meals are convenience foods with relatively short shelf lives and volatile consumer demands; their manufacture is based on forecasted volumes...

In this paper, we propose to adapt the Early Regulation of Unresponsive Flows (ERUF) to third generation wireless networks employing link layer retransmissions. Wireless channel degradations may result in backlog of downlink packets at the link layer queue, causing real-time packets with hard delivery deadlines to expire and be dropped at the receiver. We propose to regulate these congested flo...

On 20 July 1870, Catherine Tyrrell found herself transferred to another asylum. The 32-year-old nurse suffering from melancholia had previously been a private patient in Bethlem Hospital; but, having had her twelve months expire at that institution,' she was conveyed across the metropolis and into the bucolic countryside and county asylum of Buckinghamshire.2 Up to this point, Catherine had had...