background: toluene is a harmful substance still being used as a solvent and catalyst in many industries that can increase the level of urinary hippuric acid (uha). this study was designed to examine the level of toluene and uha among workers of industrial site in seven companies in sidoarjo, indonesia and to analyze the risk factors for abnormal uha. methods: this study was an analytical cross...

background: it is considered that if radon gas is inhaled and ingested, it is the primary health risks for lung and stomach cancers. this paper presents the measurement results of radon activity concentrations both residential tap water and dam water for kastamonu city centre-turkey. materials and methods: the radon activity concentrations of water samples collected from 60 tap waters at four l...

mother's and infant exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the most important public health problems. there is no study in iran evaluating the impact of cigarette smoke on infant growth and development. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette. this prospective cohort study was conducted on 51 cigarette smoke-exposed infants (exposed group) and 51 non-exposed infants (...

background: welding is one of the most exercised industrial processes which welders are exposed to chemical and physical hazardous agents. this study was conducted to evaluate occupational and environmental exposures to aerosols generated by welding processes in a factory. methods: a total of 28 samples of aerosols were collected at 4 different locations including indoor, outdoor, source of wel...

background : noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. at present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. this method is requiring a time consuming and ex-pensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. classification of workplaces based on noise po...

results overall, 93.4% of the subjects received pep in less than 48 hours after exposure. of the 397 subjects, 86.0% were male, 61.7% aged 0 - 30 years, and 64.7% lived in rural areas. the subjects were mainly bitten by domestic dogs (79.8%), most of the subjects (91.9%) were involved with superficial wounds, and the most common sites of the animal bite were legs (48.1%) and hands (40.6%). the ...

allergic diseases are frequent in children and their prevalence and severity differ in the different regions of the world. the association between pet ownership in childhood and subsequent asthma and sensitization is very controversial. in our survey conducted with standardized method (international study of asthma and allergies in childhood), 3200 children 6-7 years old were questioned regardi...

background: this study has been conducted on workers from several workplaces where materials containing lead are used during december 2006-april 2007 in eskişehir, a city of the middle anatolian region of turkey. methods: the study and control groups were occured with 403, and 97 men, respectively. after each interview with the individuals, their blood pressures (bp) and complete blood counts (...

background: for its toxicity, benzene exposure is one of the main health concerns for high risk occupations like gasoline station workers. however, there is little knowledge about the effect of benzene metabolites on hematological parameters. objective: to evaluate the correlation between the urinary level of trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-ma), a benzene metabolite, and some hematological para...

While several studies have investigated maternal exposures as risk factors for oral clefts, few have examined paternal factors. We conducted an international multi-centered case-control study to better understand paternal risk exposures for oral clefts (cases = 392 and controls = 234). Participants were recruited from local hospitals and oral cleft repair surgical missions in Vietnam, the Phili...