BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and excess use of health care resources. The preadmission antiseptic shower is accepted as an effective strategy for reducing the risk for SSIs. The study analyzes the benefit of an innovative electronic patient alert system (EAS) for enhancing compliance with a preadmission showering protocol with ...

The dependence of the lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in simulated extensive air showers to the energy and the mass of the primary cosmic rays has been studied. It has been shown that a previous claim about mass independent proportionality of shower energy to the total Cherenkov photon number is not valid in energies below EEAS ~ 1014 eV. We have found that the core distance of the so c...

Using a large set of simulated extensive air showers, we investigate universality features of electron and positron distributions in very-highenergy cosmic-ray air showers. Most particle distributions depend only on the depth of the shower maximum and the number of particles in the cascade at this depth. We provide multi-dimensional parameterizations for the electron-positron distributions in t...

geomagnetic field is a one of the candidates for creation of anisotropy in azimuth distribution of extensive air showers over the entered cosmic rays to the atmosphere. here we present the question: is there any azimuth anisotropy flux in the upper level of the atmosphere due to the geomagnetic field over the entered cosmic-rays? the obtained answer is: yes. this investigation showed an agreeme...

The Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up (TUS) is the world's first orbital imaging detector of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and it operated in 2016-2017 as part scientific equipment Lomonosov satellite. TUS was developed manufactured a prototype larger project K-EUSO with main purpose testing efficiency method for measuring ultraviolet signal extensive air shower (EAS) Earth's night atmosphere...

p a Using a large set of simulated extensive air showers, we investigate universality features of electron and positron distributions in very-highenergy cosmic-ray air showers. Most particle distributions depend only on the depth of the shower maximum and the number of particles in • the cascade at this depth. We provide multi-dimensional parameterizations for the electron-positron distribution...

Based on CORSIKA and REAS2 simulations, we investigate the sensitivity of geosynchrotron radio emission from extensive air showers to the primary cosmic ray energy and mass. It is found that at a characteristic lateral distance, the amplitude of the bandpass-filtered radio signal is directly proportional to the energy deposited in the atmosphere by the electromagnetic cascade, with an RMS uncer...

© 1985 The American Physical Society 1875 In 1966, Roll and Wilkinson reported the first confirmation that the intense isotropic radiation observed earlier by Penzias and Wilson 2 was thermal in nature and all pervasive, characteristic of a universe cooled to a temperature of 2.7 K. Given the previous report by Linsley of the detection of a primary cosmic ray with an energy estimated to be in e...

Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) like MAGIC detect the Cherenkov light from extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by very high energy (VHE) γ-rays impinging on the Earth’s atmosphere. Due to the overwhelming background from hadron induced EAS, the discrimination of the rare γ-like events is vital. The influence of the geomagnetic field (GF) on the development of EAS can further complica...

CORSIKA is a Monte Carlo program simulating the evolution of extensive air showers in the atmosphere initiated by photons, nucleons, or nuclei. The new version 5.20 was released in March 1997. The major modiications with respect to version 4.5 concern: Treatment of high energy hadronic interactions by 5 diierent models, corresponding inelastic hadronic cross-sections for mean free path calculat...