AIM This study evaluated the effect of adding calcium or fluoride to 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel and the effect of human saliva on the microhardness of sound and demineralized enamel, using an in situ model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cylindrical bovine enamel specimens (3 × 2 mm) were divided into two groups (n = 30): sound enamel (SE) and demineralized enamel (DE). Each group was di...

Vital bleaching is one of the most conservative, simple, economical, and painless measure to lighten teeth. In-office bleaching has the advantage of immediate results while requiring less patient’s effort. The recent introduction of resin barriers and commercially available bleaching systems with a highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide has also significantly improved the convenience of the The ...

Vital teeth tend to present color changes that compromise esthetics substantially. These discolorations can be extrinsic or intrinsic according to the location and the cause of the stain. Many dentists have indicated the treatment of intrinsic discolorations with bleaching agents. Thanks to innovations in bleaching agents, tooth whitening has become more and more popular among dental profession...

Thermally induced bleaching has caused a global decline in corals and the frequency of such bleaching events will increase. Thermal bleaching severely disrupts the trophic behaviour of the coral holobiont, reducing the photosynthetically derived energy available to the coral host. In the short term this reduction in energy transfer from endosymbiotic algae results in an energy deficit for the c...

OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that no difference exists between the effects of at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) with bracket bonding at 4 different time intervals after dental bleaching. METHODS Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching methods used (at-home bleaching and in-office ble...

background bleaching of traumatized discolored teeth is considered an important issue in esthetic dentistry. various methods have been introduced for bleaching, some of which may have adverse effects on soft or hard tissues of the tooth. objectives the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ktp laser bleaching on enamel of traumatized teeth. materials and methods a square of 36 m...

AIM This review article will help clinicians improve their understanding of the history of bleaching procedures, bleaching types, components, mechanisms, and their effects on soft tissue, tooth structures, resin composite, and bonding. METHODS The controversial issues about bleaching procedures and their effects are reviewed. Additionally, the consequences of pre- and post-bleaching on the bo...