Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening idiosyncratic side effect resulting from neuroleptic drugs. NMS mainly occurs in patients treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, but rarely caused by atypical antipsychotics. Although NMS is less common with atypical antipsychotic, but it seems that its incidence is rising due to increased administration of such drug...

BACKGROUND This study attempted to examine the prevalence and type of neurological signs in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A cross-sectional design was adopted with the use of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI). The CNI is comprised of 7 subscales, including motor coordination, sensory integration, disinhibition, extrapyramidal signs, dyskinesia, catatonia, and pyramidal...

A case of progressive dementia and extrapyramidal signs beginning at age 29, with a ten year course until death, is presented. Necropsy examination showed an assortment of plaque types (including striatal plaques), neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration, and depigmentation of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. This case had pathological features found in both Gerstmann-Stra...

In 1994, the term "Pick complex" was proposed to indicate significant clinical and pathological overlapping between primary progressive aphasia, frontal lobe dementia and corticobasal degeneration. We report the case of a 60-year-old man, who initially presented progressive non-fluent aphasia with orofacial apraxia, and subsequently, over a period of 3 years, developed mutism, pathological laug...

Antipsychotic drugs are widely used to treat abnormal behaviour particularly that related to the functional psychoses such as schizophrenia. This review discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine. Clinical use comprises the induction of tranquillization in disturbed psychiatric patients, the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic symptoms, a...

A patient with pure akinesia is described. This rare gait disorder, poorly responsive to therapy, is characterized by gait impairment which may be associated with handwriting and speech difficulties, in the absence of further signs of extrapyramidal involvement. Here, we report the improvement in a patient suffering from pure akinesia after low doses of rotigotine, a non-ergolinic dopamine agon...

Parkinsonian syndromes are characterised by slowness of initiation (akinesia), movement (bradykinesia), and thought (bradyphrenia), tremor at rest (3–5 Hz) and on posture (4–8 Hz), and extrapyramidal rigidity. It is now recognised that a number of diverse pathologies can manifest with these signs making clinical diagnosis complex, especially in early disease (table 1). By searching for certain ...

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (HSS) is a heredodegenerative disorder characterized by both progressive pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, dysarthric speech, and mental deterioration. No diagnostic biochemical test is yet available, and diagnosis of HSS can be confirmed only at autopsy by the characteristic neuropathology including abnormal iron storage, disordered myelination, and loss of brain ...