purpose: to evaluate the etiologies of excessive blinking in children and teenagers less than 18 years of age in hamedan, iran. methods: this study was performed during 2009-2010 as a cross-sectional study on 50 children and teenagers less than 18 years old who were referred to sheikh-al-reis and farshchian clinics in hamedan for abnormal and excessive blinking. ophthalmic and neurologic examin...

Although gastrointestinal involvement by metastatic malignant melanoma is common but primary gastrointestinal (GI) melanoma has been reported in rare cases. In this study we report two cases of primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma that one of them is a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). Both cases showed no evidence of any lesions in skin and eye. Malignant melanoma of GI tract...

To understand malalignments of the visual axes in one-and-a-half syndrome, we measured eye positions in 4 patients with this syndrome under two conditions: with Frenzel goggles to prevent eye fixation and without Frenzel goggles. When fixation was prevented with the Frenzel goggles, all patients showed mild outward deviation in both eyes. Removal of the Frenzel goggles elicited adduction of the...

Background A considerable number of patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS) have vitreous cells on slit lamp examination at the time diagnosis. However, prognostic importance (VC) and their association development posterior uveitis (PU) requiring immunosuppressive treatment is unknown. Objectives We aimed to determine VU in BS patients. Methods The charts 572 consecutive fulfilling ISG criteria wh...

PURPOSE To evaluate adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting in emergency department visits in an eye hospital. METHOD Emergency department visits at Farabi Eye Hospital were assessed for a 7-day period. The patients' eye disorders and drug history were evaluated to detect ADEs. RESULTS Of 1631 emergency visits, 5 (0.3%, 95% CI: 0.13-0.71%) were drug related. Tetracaine eye drops accounted for ...

PURPOSE To report the histopathologic features of corneal involvement in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). CASE REPORT A 19-year-old man with XP presented with bilateral corneal leukoma and decreased visual acuity predominatly in his right eye. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in the right eye due to severe corneal opacity, vascularization and lipid deposition. The corneal butt...

CASE REPORT A 65-year-old female, with poor visual acuity in right eye since childhood, was referred to our hospital. Funduscopic examination revealed bone-spicule pigmentation and choroidal and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy along the vascular arcades, with macular involvement in right eye. The patient was diagnosed with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA). DISCUSSION PP...

Ophthalmia nodosa with vitreoretinal involvement is rare and may cause permanent loss of eye due to persistent inflammation of the eye. A young female patient having multiple caterpillar hair in the eye including cornea, anterior chamber, sclera, and pars plana presented with recurrent vitritis and pars planitis. Ultrasound biomicroscopy played a vital role and helped in localizing the hair emb...

To determine the possible involvement of Wnt signaling in eye development, we analyzed the expression patterns of Wnts and Wnt inhibitors in the chicken eye at stage 25, when the first wave of neural crest migration into the cornea begins, and stage 27, just prior to the second wave of neural crest migration. Wnt expression is developmentally regulated in the chicken eye, and antagonists of Wnt...