Long-term facilitation of the sensory to motor synapse in Aplysia requires gene expression. While some transcription factors involved in long-term facilitation are phosphorylated by PKA, others lack PKA sites but contain MAP Kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation sites. We now show that MAPK translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic but not the postsynaptic cell during 5-HT-induced long-term faci...

The activation of Ca-dependent K+ current, Ic, was studied in macropatches on the cell bodies of molluscan neurons. When a depolarizing voltage-clamp pulse was applied repeatedly, Ic facilitated in a manner that resembled the facilitation of synaptic transmitter release. Facilitation was characterized by an increase in Ic amplitude, a progressive increase in instantaneous outward current, and a...

Transmission at the hippocampal mossy fibre (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse is characterized by prominent activity-dependent facilitation, which is thought to provide a wide dynamic range in hippocampal informational flow. At this synapse in mice the magnitude of paired-pulse facilitation and frequency-dependent facilitation markedly decreased with postnatal development from 3 weeks (3W) to 9 w...

Sensitization and dishabituation of the defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia have been ascribed to presynaptic mechanisms, particularly presynaptic facilitation of transmission at sensorimotor synapses in the CNS of Aplysia. Here, we show that facilitation of sensorimotor synapses in cell culture during and after serotonin (5-HT) exposure depends on a rise in postsynaptic intracellular Ca(2+)...

25 26 Short-term synaptic facilitation occurs during high frequency stimulation, is known to be dependent on 27 presynaptic calcium ions, and persists for tens of milliseconds after a presynaptic action potential. We 28 have used the frog neuromuscular junction as a model synapse for both experimental and computer 29 simulation studies aimed at testing various mechanistic hypotheses proposed to...

(1) The effects of facilitation on the structure and dynamics of plant populations have not been studied so widely as competition. The UV-B radiation, as a typical environmental factor causing stress, may result in direct stress and facilitation. (2) The effects of UV-B radiation on intraspecific competition and facilitation were investigated based on the following three predictions on self-thi...

1. The superficial muscle fibres in the proximal head of the closer muscle in the crab Eriphia belong to four distinct fibre types (I-IV). By stimulating either the 'slow' or the 'fast' axon, facilitation properties of the EJPs were investigated in eight identifiable muscle fibres which represented the four fibre types. 2. Amount, time course and frequency dependence of facilitation (f) of both...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human motor cortex elicits direct and indirect (I) waves in the corticospinal tract. Facilitatory I wave interaction has been demonstrated with a suprathreshold first stimulus (S1) followed by a subthreshold to threshold second stimulus (S2). Intracortical inhibition (ICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) can be studied by another paired TMS pa...

Background: Describing the role of a facilitator often results in to-do lists resembling recipe or laundry list to follow. Such fail grasp inherent complexity facilitation and are not very useful guiding facilitators when, why if they should intervene unfolding live performance that day. Aim: To develop deeper understanding on-the-fly by analyzing rich empirical accounts in-situ episodes. Inter...

Group I fibers from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs modulate motoneuron excitabilities to coordinate smooth movements. In this study, to elucidate the effects of group I fibers of the median nerve (MN) on the excitabilities of the brachioradialis (BR), we evaluated the changes in the firing probability of a BR motor unit after electrical conditioning stimulation (CS) to MN with a post-s...