Computer simulations using multibody models have been extensively applied to vehicular crash testing but have rarely been used to investigate falls. This article investigated planar and three-dimensional simulations of a single physical test of a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test dummy falling from a bed and compared them with a common estimation method. The effects of initial model position and ...

The influence of exponential magnetic field decay on the spin evolution of isolated neutron stars is studied. ROSAT observations have revealed several X-ray sources which may be accreting old isolated neutron stars. Assuming that this interpretation is correct, the observations can be used to constrain parameters of the exponential field decay. We show that the range of minimum value of magneti...

Atheromatous middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis could cause lacunar stroke by occluding lenticulostriate artery origins, but atheroma is common, and previous studies lacked suitable controls. We aimed to determine if intracranial atheroma was more common in lacunar than in cortical ischaemic stroke. We recruited patients with lacunar stroke and controls with mild cortical stroke, confirmed t...

We analyse protostellar mass accretion rates Ṁ from numerical models of star formation based on gravoturbulent fragmentation, considering a large number of different environments. To within one order of magnitude, Ṁ ≈ MJ/τff with MJ being the mean thermal Jeans mass and τff the corresponding free-fall time. However, mass accretion rates are highly timevariant, with a sharp peak shortly after th...

BACKGROUND Caffeine is present in a variety of beverages and food and is widely consumed. In a previous study of patients recovering from an acute ischaemic stroke using transcranial Doppler ultrasound we demonstrated a fall in middle cerebral artery blood velocity of 12% following ingestion of 250 mg caffeine. The aim of this study was to investigate if this velocity change reflected a change ...

The decay of kinetic helicity is studied in numerical models of forced turbulence using either an externally imposed forcing function as an inhomogeneous term in the equations or, alternatively, a term linear in the velocity giving rise to a linear instability. The externally imposed forcing function injects energy at the largest scales, giving rise to a turbulent inertial range with nearly con...