Understanding of the cellular and cytokine interactions associated with inflammation and fibrosis in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has increased substantially during the past few years. Presently, many agents are known to have the ability to induce ILDs, although only a small percentage of exposed individuals will develop the disease. In addition, the majority of ILDs are of unknown origin ...

only a small group of patients willing to consent to two prolonged right heart catheterisation procedures 6 months apart. Nevertheless, this group was relatively homogeneous, with NYHA class III disease and high P̄pa at presentation. Our results cannot be generalised, however, to other related PAH disease states, such as congenital heart disease or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Thirdly, our...

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystemic granulomatous disorder thought to result from an exaggerated cellular immune response to a variety of self antigens or non-self antigens. The aetiology of sarcoidosis is unknown, which might be in part related to the diverse manifestations of the disease and the absence of approved diagnostic criteria. Although specific inhalation antigens have been put fo...

background: sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown origin with characterization of small granulomas. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) is a pathophysiologic marker of sarcoidosis. we present the ace insertion/deletion (i/d) polymorphism in correlation with serum ace level in iranian patients with sarcoidosis. methods: from jan 2014 to jan 2015, 102 iranian patients who h...

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease. Co-existence with spondyloarthritis (SA) has been more described as an adverse effect of anti-TNF α therapy than an association. We report herein a case of a typical sarcoidosis confirmed by histological proofs and an advanced SA with a bamboo column. Case Presentation: A 48-years-old woman presented with inflammatory back p...

Background: In 10-30% of the cases with sarcoidosis, skin lesions appear solely without any systemic signs or symptoms. BTNL2 gene, which is a member of the immunoglobulin gene super family and is associated with CD86 and CD80 co-stimulatory receptors, is identified to play an important role in the establishment of sarcoidosis. We aimed to evaluate the role of this gene in patients with skin sa...

Sarcoidosis, a multisystem disorder, results in the production of multiple non-caseating granulomas capable of affecting all organs of the body. It usually occurs in patients between the ages of 10 and 40 years of age in 90% of cases. The prevalence has been reported to be 10-20 per 100,000 in the general population however the annual incidence is 107 per 100,000 (Rybicki, Major et al. 1997). T...

sarcoidosis is multi organ disease with cutaneous manifestation in 20%-35% patients. cutaneous sarcoidosis has variable manifestations that make it difficult to diagnose. so clinical, histopathologic and laboratory evaluation is needed for diagnosis. most of cutaneous lesions presents as nodul, maculopapule and plaque. morpheaform lesion is a rare presentation of cutaneous sarcoidosis. this cas...