We report on a new articular cartilage imaging technique with potential for clinical arthroscopic use, by supplementing the variable-incidence-angle polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography method previously developed by us with a conical beam scan protocol. The technique is validated on bovine tendon by comparing experimental data with simulated data generated using the extended Jon...

Intuitively, light impinging on a spatially mirror-symmetric object will be scattered equally into mirror-symmetric directions. This intuition can fail at the nanoscale if the polarization of the incoming light is properly tailored, as long as mirror symmetry is broken in the axes perpendicular to both the incident wave vector and the remaining mirror-symmetric direction. The unidirectional exc...

Random parallel nanostructures (ridges and channels) were created by scratching gold thin films deposited on glass slides. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the width of the substructures within the scratches were of the order of a few hundred nanometers. These nanometric gold features can then support localized surface plasmon resonances in the direction perpendicular to the pro...

We extract downward-propagating Pand S-waves from industrial noise generated by human and/or machine activity at the surface propagating down a borehole at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada, and measure shear-wave splitting from these data. The continuous seismic data are recorded at eight sensors along a downhole well during steam injection into a 420–470-m-deep oil reservoir. We crosscorrelate the w...

Observations of the weak polarization of light from nearby stars, reported by Tinbergen (1982), are consistent with polarization by small, radius<0.14 μm, interstellar dust grains entrained in the magnetic wall of the heliosphere. The region of maximum polarization is towards ecliptic coordinates (λ,β)∼(295,0), corresponding to (l,b) = (20,–21), while the dust cone direction shows a marginally ...

An automatic analysis code, Anisomat+, was developed, tested and improved to calculate anisotropic parameters: fast polarization direction and delay time. Anisomat+ was applied on data coming from three zones of the Apennines in Italy. For each area, anisotropic parameters have been interpreted to determine the fracture and stress field taking into account the geological and structural settings...

From polarization analysis on a covariance matrix, a method of S-wave splitting analysis is developed, which processes 3-component recordings simultaneously, rather than just 2 horizontal components as done traditionally. Thus not only orientation, but also dip information of fractures can be resolved. The synthetic test results show that this method is stable even for noise levels as high as 1...

Three methods for analyzing azimuthal anisotropy from cross-dipole logs are applied to data from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. These techniques are based on the phenomena of flexural wave splitting in anisotropic materials and are analogous to the techniques used for VSP data processing. The four-component cross-dipole logging data obtained with a Schumberger tool from a vertically-fractur...

A review of the technique of measuring the spin polarization P of photoemitted electrons and of results of measurements from a variety of magnetic materials is presented. Photoelectric magnetization curves are obtained by measuring P as a function of applied magnetic field, while measuring P as a function of photon energy gives a spectrum of spin polarization which locates magnetic states in an...

It has long been known that electrical fields (EFs) are able to influence the direction of migrating cells, a process commonly referred to as electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. Most studies have focused on migrating cells equipped with an existing polarity before EF application, making it difficult to delineate EF-specific pathways. Here we study the initial events in front-rear organization of spre...