Several processes contribute to variation in fasting insulin concentration, including fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and insulin clearance. Our goal was to determine the relative contribution of each of these insulin-related traits, plus anthropometric parameters, to fasting insulin among 470 Mexican Americans. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp yielded insulin sensi...

OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a recently discovered peptide, which is produced primarily in the stomach. This orexigenic peptide participates not only in the induction of mealtime hunger but also in long-term body weight regulation and energy homeostasis. Adiponectin is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and has been proposed to mediate obesity-related insulin resistance. Moreover, concentrations of adip...

Objectives: Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and assessment of insulin sensitivity is important. Various insulin sensitivity indices from fasting state or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) have been compared with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of these indices in young Korean women with PCOS. Methods: Eug...

AIM This study examined β-cell function and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) in Asian Indian youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-Y) and prediabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-two subjects with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and age of onset below 25 years were recruited within 18 months of diagnosis and compared with age- and sex-ma...

objective: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the most common endocrinological disorders among women of reproductive age and the leading cause of female infertility. this study intends to evaluate the lipid profile, hormonal levels [free t3 (ft3), free t4 (ft4), thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), insulin, luteinizing hormone (lh), follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), and prolactin] in pc...

OBJECTIVE To test the association between cognitive impairment, with and without subcortical features, and insulin resistance in an elderly community-dwelling population. DESIGN Cross-sectional wave of an epidemiologic longitudinal study (InCHIANTI). PARTICIPANTS A total of 523 people, aged 70 to 90 years without diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia, from the InCHIANTI cohort were included in...

Insulin resistance is closely associated with both aging and overweight; yet in old age, weight loss is common, although insulin resistance increases. To study this paradox, the authors evaluated the role of insulin resistance in weight change among older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study cohort. Participants were 725 nondiabetic men and women who were aged 50-89 years when weight and insul...

We aimed to investigate associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with glucose-insulin homeostasis markers, and the risk of glucose intolerance. This cross-sectional study included 2975 adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2h-PG), and fasting serum insulin were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance...

OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia and increased level of C-reactive protein in older children and adults, but little is known about these relationships in very young children. We examined these relationships in healthy 2- to 3-year-old children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Analyses were performed on data from 491 healthy 2- to 3-year-old Hispanic children enrolled in a...