introduction: analysis of smile is one of the esthetic evaluations in dentistry. in the present study, gla, lid, the long axis position and the oblique axial angle of each tooth were evaluated. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional analytical study, 80 subjects with properly-aligned teeth and healthy periodontium were selected. a digital camera was to take photos of lip areas in unifor...

in this research, morphology and histology of the left and right lacrimal glands of ten adult ostrich were carefully studied. after the topographical study of the glands and measuring the dimension of them, tissue sections were prepared and stained by current histology. results revealed that in ostrich, lacrimal gland was dark brown to black color and was located obliquely in dorsolateral part ...

PURPOSE Understanding the anatomy of the pterygomaxillary junction region helps prevent blood loss in Le Fort I osteotomy. Here, we determined the location of the descending palatine artery and the structure of the pterygomaxillary region. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 82 Japanese patients with mandibular prognathism and asymmetry, with and without maxillary retrognathism ...

background: nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (vta). however, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of vta on nicotine reinforcement. methods: in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (cpp) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the vta by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. male ...

The jugular foramen at the base of the skull varies in shape and size the foramen lies at the petrous part of temporal bone and behind by the occipital bone. It’s irregular in shape. Usually the right foramen is larger than the left. The variation in the foramen is observed in different racial group and sexes. The shape and size of foramen is inversely related to size of sigmoid sinus. Petrosal...

The reticulospinal Mauthner cells (M-cells) of the startle circuit have been considered to be dedicated to one basic motor output and the C-type startle response in fish. The neural circuit underlying the C-start, a startle behavior in which the fish forms a "C"-shaped body bend has been described in depth in goldfish and zebrafish [1, 2] and is thought to occur in other species [3, 4]. However...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background: epidemic levels of obesity and overweight in today's world are leading to a higher number of mortality and morbidity, especially due to cardiovascular diseases (cvds). body fat distribution contributes a great amount to atherosclerosis formation and therefore increased cvd incidence. the present study used the ...