Annex E of the Digital Video Broadcasting IPTV (DVB-IPTV) technical specification defines an optional Application-Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) protocol to protect the streaming media transported using RTP. The DVB-IPTV AL-FEC protocol uses two layers for FEC protection. The first (base) layer is based on the 1-D interleaved parity code. The second (enhancement) layer is based on the ...

Wireless networks are often error prone due to factors such as multipath fading and interferences. In addition, the channel conditions of these networks are often non-stationary, such that the available bandwidth and channel error rates are changing over time with large variations. Therefore, they present a challenge for error-resilient video transmission. In order to maintain satisfactory QoS,...

Real-time audio over the best effort Internet often suffers from packet loss. At this time, Forward Error Correction (FEC) seems to be an efficient way to attenuate the impact of loss. Nevertheless to ensure efficiency of FEC, the source rate must be continuously controlled to avoid congestion. In this paper, we describe a realisation of adaptive FEC subdued to a TCPfriendly rate control.

1070 Background: Taxane-based anthracycline containing chemotherapy has been established as treatment option in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer. Indication was recently enlarged for high risk node negative breast cancer. Promising retrospective data indicate equi-efficacy of anthracycline-free chemotherapy in Her2/neu-negative patients (Gennari et al., Slamon et al.). Anthracycline-...

The authors noticed that the values of exchange current density in Figures 1 c, 3 b, S6 and S16 were calculated incorrectly due to reverse x y axes during linear fitting. corrected by equation log i = (η−a)/b, presented revised (see Supporting Information published online along with this Corrigendum). Revised versions for c b are shown below. Instead having a negative correlation FEC content, a...

In video streaming it is important that the video stream reaches the users in time, and without errors. To retransmit lost packets in a largescale multimedia video transmission is often unfeasible because of the retransmission delay. Because of that errors require either costly retransmissions or causes a downgrade of performance for the receiving user, an important goal is to minimize the numb...

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design which combines Packet Forward Error Correction (P-FEC) at the application layer with a Symbol unequal FEC in the MAC layer (S-FEC). The aim is to minimize the Packet Loss Rate (PLR) and maximize the visual quality of video transmitted over a wireless network (WN). The proposed scheme is based on a FEC compatible with the semantics of the H.264/AVC ...

Unequal Loss Protection of Compressed Hyperspectral Images on Reconfigurable Platforms Satellite communications are often lossy due to weather and other atmospheric conditions. The lossy channel can pose a problem for data communications, causing data to be lost when conditions are not ideal. In order to protect against data loss, Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes can be added to the data se...

In this paper, we investigate how packet level redundancy mechanisms could be combined with ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) to achieve scalable reliable mobile multicast transmissions. We consider three redundancy mechanisms. The first one called FEC-based mechanism is that redundant packets are achieved by FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding. The second type called Replicate-based mechanism...