is one approach which uses a separate feedkjack within the adaptive controller to cancel-the effect of the undesired feedback [6]. This scheme, however, requires special care in the implementation to avoid the cancellation of the reference signal all together (see [4] for details). Looking at feedback neutralization from a different point of view, it is clear that this algorithm generates poles...

BACKGROUND Early booking of antenatal care (ANC) is regarded as a cornerstone of maternal and neonatal health care. However, existing evidence from developing countries indicate that lots of pregnant woman begin ANC booking lately. Objective. It was aimed to assess timing of ANC booking and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC clinic at University of Gondar Hospital, 2013. ME...

BACKGROUND The aim of the newly introduced "focused Antenatal Care (ANC)" is not only to achieve a minimum number of 4 visits, but also the timeliness of the commencement of the visits as well as the quality and relevance of services offered during the visits. This study is therefore designed to assess the quality of ANC services in Nigeria. METHODS We used information supplied by the 13410 r...

There are several situations where the conventional ANC using FXLMS algorithm does not perform satisfactory. One such condition is referred as the nonlinear effect in ANC. This paper proposes an efficient novel ANC structure based on functional link artificial neural network, which outperforms the FXLMS algorithm. This has been demonstrated through computer simulation. Index Terms – ANC, nonlin...

This study evaluated antenatal care (ANC) services for pregnant women attending primary health care centres in Medina city, Saudi Arabia in 2009. A cross-sectional survey collected data on ANC tasks performed at visits by 394 pregnant women attending 7 clinics. ANC was assessed in 3 domains: clinical assessment (at the initial visit and return visit), health promotion and care provision. The me...

Adolescent pregnancies are high risk obstetric occurrences. Antenatal care (ANC) provides opportunities to recognise and treat obstetric complications, enhancing the pregnancy outcomes for mothers and babies. The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing adolescents' non-utilisation of ANC services in Bulawayo. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to contextualise the study. A ...

OBJECTIVE To identify determinants which influence the timing of the first antenatal care (ANC) visit in pregnant women. DESIGN Retrospective matched nested case-control study. SETTING Two health centres, Belén and 6 de Octubre, in the Peruvian Amazon. POPULATION All pregnant women who had attended ANC during the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. METHODS All cases (819 women initiating ANC in...

BACKGROUND Late booking and infrequent antenatal care (ANC) are common but avoidable patient-related risk factors for maternal deaths in South Africa. The aim of the study was to examine the association of psychosocial factors with early initiation of ANC and adequate frequency of attendance of ANC clinics among women in an urban and rural location in South Africa. METHODS Data from a 2006 cr...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the effectiveness of a household conditional cash transfer programme (CCT) on antenatal care (ANC) coverage reported by women and ANC quality reported by midwives. DESIGN The CCT was piloted as a cluster randomised control trial in 2007. Intent-to-treat parameters were estimated using linear regression and logistic regression. SETTING Secondary analysis of the longitudi...

This paper proposes an adaptive noise canceller (ANC) with low signal distortion for speech codecs. The proposed ANC has two adaptive filters: a main filter (MF) and a subfilter (SF). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of input signals is estimated using the SF. To reduce signal distortion in the output signal of the ANC, a step size for coefficient update in the MF is controlled according to the ...