BACKGROUND Since 2002, market studies have predicted a physician shortage with an increasing need for future subspecialists. A Residency Review Committee (RRC) rule that restricted sponsorship of fellowships was eliminated in 2005, but the influence of this change on the number of fellowships is not known. We believed that the rules change might make it possible for community hospitals to offer...

BACKGROUND The number of international emergency medicine (IEM) fellowships available in the US has grown dramatically since the inception of subspecialty training in 1994 Bayram et al. (Acad Emerg Med 17:748-757, 2010). These fellowships vary according to their curricular structure, intensity of fellow exposure and requirements for program completion. The variety of fellowship structures may h...

Background. Recent studies suggest that adolescent adiposity is established already in preadolescence. Earlier studies have confirmed a strong tracking of obesity from adolescence to adulthood. Our aim was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of a population-derived protocol for identification of preschool children at risk for obesity in preadolescence. Methodology/ Principal Findings. We analyse...

The GEDI will support research using existing research samples to investigate main effects, correlations , and interactions among genetic, environmental , and developmental factors in the etiology of substance abuse and related phenotypes in humans. The term "substance abuse" as used in this RFA refers broadly to several different but related concepts including substance use (quantity, frequenc...