Distributing free-ranging animals across a landscape to facilitate proper forage utilization is universally challenging to range livestock managers. By combining Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, Geographical Information System (GIS) methodology and a practical knowledge of animal behavior we have developed a device that autonomously controls animal distribution without conventional w...

Many of modern location-based services are often based on an area or place as opposed to an accurate determination of the precise location. Geo-fencing approach is based on the observation that users move from one place to another and then stay at that place for a while. These places can be, for example, commercial properties, homes, office centers and so on. As per geo-fencing approach they co...

The USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) surveyed U.S. sheep producers to determine the kinds of non-lethal (NL) predator control measures they used in 1994. An analysis of responses from 8,451 sheep producers showed that 34% of the nation's sheep producers used fencing, 25% used husbandry, 20% used guard animals, 4% used frightening tactics, 0.3% used aversion, and 3% used othe...

Grasslands are facing the threat of climate change and intensive land use. Soil respiration (Rs) in grassland ecosystems can be potentially altered by changes precipitation We aimed to quantify impact common use practices an Inner Mongolia grassland, i.e., mowing grazing, on soil respiration. performed situ experiment with (+ 50%, ambient, -50%) (control or fencing, mowing, grazing) explore the...

This article investigates how expansive new security projects have gained both legitimacy and immediacy as part of the ‘global war on terror’ by analysing the process that led to the fencing and securitising of the border between India and Bangladesh. The framing of the ‘enemy other’ in the global war on terror relies on two crucial shifts from previous geopolitical boundary narratives. First, ...

Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) combine sensing, signal processing, decision capability, and wireless networking capability in a compact, low power system. Among countries, border protection is a sensitive issue and measures are being taken to improve security at the borders. In addition to physical fencing, smart methods using technology are being employed to increase the alertness of security ...

This paper uses the introduction of barbed wire fences to the American Midwest in the late 19th century to estimate the effects of property rights on farmers’ production decisions. Farmers were both formally and informally required to build fences to secure exclusive land-use rights, yet preferred wooden fences had been prohibitively expensive in areas with little woodland. The introduction and...