Independently emerging fluorescence profiles of unknown, photochemically induced degradation products of several naturally non-fluorescent pesticides were monitored using single exposure excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy. Three-way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was employed to uniquely resolve the pure fluorescent spectra of the overlapping photolysis products. The quantitative...

Deltamethrin and Fenvalerate are synthetic pyrethroids insecticides. There are many applications for pyrethroids, increasingly ranging from agricultural uses to home pest control, with a probability to contaminate aquatic environments. During exposure to solar natural light, pyrethroids are broken down and produced photoproducts in environment. In this work the photodegradation and environmenta...

A strain of Boophilus decoloratus, resistant to fenvalerate, was subjected to larval immersion, adult immersion and stall tests using the following classes of ixodicides: organochlorines, organophosphates, a diamidide and pyrethroids. A susceptible reference strain of B. decoloratus was used for comparative purposes. The results indicated a high level of resistance to DDT and camphechlor, sligh...

Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals similar to pyrethrins in the pyrethrum extract which is obtained from Chrysanthemum plant. Historically, pyrethroids have been classified into two classes that differ in their chemical structure and symptoms of exposure: Type I pyrethroids include allethrin, tetramethrin, d-phenothrin, permethrin, and bioresmethrin. Type II pyrethroids include cypermethrin, c...

In aquatic ecosystems, pesticide residues meanly present as mixtures of varying complexity, which may lead to compound pollution organisms. Therefore, it is great practical importance evaluate the combined toxic effects pesticides. this study, mixture acute toxicities fenvalerate with tebuconazole on zebrafish larvae and adults were investigated. The toxicity swimming behavior also analyzed. sy...

Toxicity of 17 commonly used insecticides used to control diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was evaluated against adults of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov. The insecticide concentrations studied were equivalent to those recommended in the field. Adults of the parasitoid were released into exposure kits with fresh dry insecticide film for 24 hours, at which time mortalities were noted. The...

The U.S. Forest Service has a long history of providing termiticide efficacy data used for product registration and labeling. Four primary test sites (Arizona and Florida, Mississippi, and South Carolina [hereafter southeast]) have been used for this purpose. Various parameters of termite attack at water-only control plots were examined in this study to assess the relative pressures of termites...