This paper explains the decline in total fertility rate (TFR) in China by investigating the quantitative effect of social insurance on peoplesąŕ fertility choice when investment in children is risky. The price and income effects are heterogeneous: low-income people tend to raise more children due to the reinforcing income and price effects, whereas for rich families the income effect dominates ...

In the United States since 1980, the birth rate in women aged > 35 years has increased by nearly 60%, whereas the birth rate for women aged 20 to 34 years has increased by only 10%. The trend in parenthood at an older age has also been seen in men. Since 1980, the fertility rate for men in their 30s has increased by 21% and for men aged 40 years and older, the rate has increased nearly 30%. In ...

Background & aim: The severe reduced fertility rate and growing increase of older population in Iran have led to economic and social consequences in the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fertility motivations and some of its related factors in women of reproductive age referring to urban health centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 450 ...

semen quality and its relationship to fertility are major concern in animal production. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between frozen thawed sperm characteristics and fertility following in vivo fertility through artificial insemination(ai). semen samples were collected from four buffalo bulls. semen volume and sperm concentration appeared to be significantly different (p0...

A cross-sectional, descriptive study with internal comparison was conducted among 1376 women of reproductive age with the objective of assessing the level and determinants of fertility in Awassa town, Ethiopia. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 3.4 and the mean Child Ever Born (CEB) was 1.72 and 3.02 among all women and married women. Regarding proximate determinants of fertility, the mean age at ...

In 1979, the Chinese government introduced the One-child Policy for the purpose of controlling population growth. Thirty years later, the fertility rate in China has declined to a very low level and one-child families have become the norm. At the same time, the consequences of low fertility rates have emerged. In 2015, the government announced a new policy that encouraged couples to have two ch...

conclusions sperm quality extracted by percutaneous pesa and tese procedures increases fertility outcomes compared to naturally ejaculated sperm in men with idiopathic co. more specifically, embryo quality, which is most relevant to fertility outcome, improved when surgically extracted sperm was used for icsi. results there was a significant difference in fertilization rate, embryo quality, imp...

BACKGROUND Population growth is determined by fertility, mortality and migration rates. Fertility is the prime determinant of population growth, which is highly associated with family planning, literacy, urbanization, and expansion of health system. In many part of Africa, its level is more than twice the replacement level. In Ethiopia, a significant decline in fertility mainly in the urban set...

Many variables of biological, ecological and cultural nature affect the biological dynamics of human populations. A religious denomination was an element of the cultural system which had an impact on the attitude towards birth control and sexuality. The aim of this paper is to show how religion shaped the fertility figures in the Catholic and Lutheran populations of historical Poland. Two metho...

in a case control study the effects of literacy, socio-economic status and the fertility behavior of mothers were fully investigated in two groups. out of 13123 babies born in 17 hospitals during almost 8 months in 1988-1989 in tehran 730 had a low birth weight (less than 2500 gr). as a control group, 1460 births were randomly selected from normal weight births. some basic findings are as follo...