In order to improve the mechanical and biological properties of calcium phosphate cement (CPC, nanometer-biomaterial) for bone reconstruction in the rabbit femoral defect model, fibrin glue (FG, the natural product, purified from the blood) was introduced at three different ratios. The CPC powder and the FG solution were mixed, respectively, at the powder/liquid (P/L) ratios (g/mL) of 1:1, 3:1,...

In this paper we provide a model for micro-flow based bio-molecular computation (MF-BMC). It provides an abstraction for the design of algorithms which account for the constraints of the model. Our MF-BMC model uses abstractions of both the recombinant DNA (RDNA) technology as well as of the micro-flow technology and takes into account both of their limitations. For example, when considering th...

In the present work the pull-in voltage of a micro cracked cantilever beam subjected to nonlinear electrostatic pressure was studied. Two mathematical models were employed for modeling the problem: a lumped mass model and a classical beam model. The effect of crack in the lumped mass model is the reduction of the effective stiffness of the beam and in the beam model; the crack is modeled as a m...

This paper presents a clear monograph on the optimization of thermal instability resistance of the FG (functionally graded) flat structures. For this aim, two FG flat structures, namely an FG beam and an FG circular plate, are considered. These structures are assumed to obey the first-order shear deformation theory, three-parameters power-law distribution of the constituents, and clamped bounda...

Digestive system development is orchestrated by combinatorial signaling interactions between endoderm and mesoderm, but how these signals are integrated in the genome is poorly understood. Here we identified the transcriptomes of Xenopus foregut and hindgut progenitors, which are conserved with mammals. Using RNAseq and ChIP-seq we show that BMP/Smad1 regulates dorsal-ventral gene expression in...

This paper presents an investigation on thermo-electro-mechanical nonlinear low-velocity impact behaviors of the geometrically imperfect functionally graded (FG) graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) beam with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers. Both uniformly distributed and FG patterns graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are considered along thickness GRC host beam. The effective Young’s modulus is ...

This paper investigates the bending, vibration, and buckling behaviour of functionally graded (FG) curved sandwich beams using a global–local refined shear deformation theory. Material properties these are varied through thickness according to power-law distribution. A beam element with combination Hermite cubic quadratic Lagrange shape functions is developed solve problems. The obtained result...

   Micro-electroactive polymers have wide applications from industry to healthcare. Artificial muscles, microvalves, microswitches, haptic sensing, blood pressure and pulse monitoring are some potential applications for micro-electroactive polymers. The most advantage of micro-electroactive polymers as sensors and actuators is bio-compatibility and low power threshold for large deformations...

Mini and micro robots, which can swim in an underwater environment, have drawn widespread research interests because of their potential applicability to the medical or biological fields, including delivery and transportation of bio-materials and drugs, bio-sensing, and bio-surgery. This paper reviews the recent ideas and developments of these types of self-propelling devices, ranging from the m...