package design is an important factor in product manufacturing that must be performed based on customer requirements. this paper introduces cardboard approach using raw materials according to standards and also effective requirements so, using materials based on specific standards will play important role. the materials and its production process used for packaging manufacturers to supply produ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the reattachment rate of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to different layers of human Bruch's membrane (BM). METHODS Explants of BM were prepared from 10 human cadaver eyes by removing native RPE. The RPE basal lamina, inner collagenous layer, elastin layer, and outer collagenous layer were exposed by sequentially removing each apical layer by mechanical or enzy...

The exact volume of brain tissue interrogated in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies of cerebral oxygenation in unknown, the inhomogeneity of the head and resulting variation in optical paths making determination of the interrogated volume difficult. In this study, the spatial sensitivity profiles in simple two-component inhomogeneous cylindrical models are predicted by Monte Carlo simula...

The effect of an equilibrium sheared ow on the nonlinear evolution of a neoclassical tearing mode is investigated by estimating the inuence it has on the inner and outer layer dynamics of the mode. Two complementary approaches are adopted. A generalized Rutherford model calculation is carried out to estimate the ow contributions to the polarization current term in the inner layer. For the ou...

The morphology of retinal photoreceptor layer was studied in continuous light-exposed and dark-adapteddomestic male cats (Felis catus). The eyes of 12 healthy adult cats (4 in continuous light-exposed group, 4 in continuous dark-adapted group, and 4 in control group) were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. Results showed that the general structure of photoreceptor layer in this...

The existence of a critical roughness height for outer layer similarity between smooth and rough wall turbulent boundary layers is investigated. Results are presented for boundary layer measurements on flat plates covered with sandgrain and woven mesh with the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to roughness height /k varying from 16 to 110 at Re =7.3 103–13 103. In all cases tested, the laye...

We investigated the surface reformation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomers by means of ion beam bombardment for fabricating wrinkle structures. Oxidation on the PDMS surface formed a silica-like outer layer that interacted with the inner PDMS layer, leading to the formation of wrinkle structures that minimized the combined bending energy of the outer layer and stretching energy of the ...

background: the ostrich is an interesting subject concerninganimal evolution and morphology studies. it has been speculatedthat ostrich eyes would have distinct tissue structures and this hasnot been previously studied in detail. objectives: the aim of thepresent study was to investigate the histology of the outer layer ofthe ostrich. methods: ten mature ostriches were chosen from anostrich bre...