an important issue in implementation of a gis system is preparation of data to be entered in gis. to produce spatial data for gis using photogrammetric techniques, conventional method is to apply photogrammetric and gis systems individually (off-line procedure). this approach is costly, time consuming and somehow unreliable due to the fact that 3d photogrammetric model is not available at the t...

Besides being a hard combinatorial problem, the VRP is also a spatial problem. Hence, effective decision making in this field strongly requires the integration of GIS and optimization systems (GIS-O). This article integrates GIS and optimization tools for solving the vehicle routing problem with loading and distance requirements (DCVRP). A general outline of the multi-step integration is pointe...

The integration of existing modelling and geographic information systems (including GIS) is an important activity that enhances the value of these systems. In this paper, we present a simple and comprehensive approach for the integration of separately developed software systems. Any information system can be integrated using our methodology without the complexities introduced by providing an in...

In some surveys, it is of interest to record geospatial data such as coordinates for housing unit locations, road networks, agricultural field boundaries, and water body boundaries as part of the survey data collection process. These data objects are represented as shape data (i.e., points, lines, polygons), and are inherently different from coded and fixed format questionnaire responses. Geogr...

Remote Sensing and Geographic information System together comprise of Geographic Information Science (GIScience) which is a core research field that tries to emphasis on advanced geographic concepts in Geographic Information System and examines the impact of GIS on individuals and society as a whole and re-examines the themes with incorporation of most recent cognitive and Information Science. ...

Geographic information and building information modelling both model buildings and infrastructure, but the way in which they are modelled is usually complimentary and BIM-GIS integration is widely considered as a way forward for both domains. For one, more detailed BIM data can feed more general GIS data and GIS data can provide the context that is necessary to BIM data. While previous studies ...

This article is devoted to the creation of complex electronic maps agriculture and agro-geo databases on basis geoformation systems (GIS) technologies. Scientific practical research mapping agricultural sector conducted by scientists from foreign countries, Commonwealth Independent States Uzbekistan. Analyzing classification maps, for Republic Uzbekistan proposed. Content elements covering sect...

BACKGROUND Despite the demonstrated utility of GIS for health applications, there are perceived problems in low resource settings: GIS software can be expensive and complex; input data are often of low quality. This study aimed to test the appropriateness of new, inexpensive and simple GIS tools in poorly resourced areas of a developing country. GIS applications were trialled in pilot studies b...