Backdrafts are violent events that occur when oxygen is suddenly introduced to an oxygen-depleted compartment fire and primarily driven by the presence of gravity currents. However, with human travel potentially expected beyond confines earth gravity, it not clear how magnitude constant can contribute intensity these events. This issue be relevant dealing fires on space stations or future bases...

Based on preliminary assumptions and analysis, mathematical models have been used to estimate the behavior of the fires in the twin towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001. The hijacked-plane collision with each tower produced significant structural damage, generated a spectacular external fireball, and started burning within the tower. The fuel consumed by the fireball was...

Real-time acquisition and visualization of temperature anomalies in building spaces 3D field data during fires are vital importance for fire danger warnings, early rescue operations, evacuation commands, subsequent accident investigations. Taking into account the non-contact, global (planar spatial), high efficiency advantages acoustic CT measurement technology, this study involved conducting e...

• Fire simulations show a five-stage fire development in two different spread scenarios. A longer path increases the variability of temperature field space and time. Computationally efficient coupling enables analyses large frames complex The response frame is sensitive to its orientation with respect path. Coverage elevated temperatures along girders leads their load-bearing failures. This pap...

The continued increase in human lifespans is accelerating the aging of population most countries. elderly care facilities corresponds to a relative number people who are vulnerable context evacuation. For example, an hospital representative facility for populations as regards evacuation, residents such cannot evacuate themselves event fire. It therefore necessary buildings formulate detailed ev...

Background Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires are becoming more frequent and catastrophic as they associated with the effects of climate change, demographic pressure, human activities, abandonment rural areas activities promoting dangerous fuel continuity. For example, in central regions Portugal, Chile California, severe direct indirect impacts have been observed, a number fatalities.Aims Mi...

Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to simulate tunnels and partially substitute on-site tests. As technology advances, new application opportunities appear; some examples are the optimal operation of ventilation emergency systems, risk assessment training operators. Even when computational capacity computers has grown, CFD still constrained by large amount resources need...

A series of model scale experiments were conducted to study the fire development in a ro-ro deck with various opening geometries. The performed 1/8 reduced heptane pool as source. Experimental results show that both ventilation factor and position affect development. critical ratio for self-extinguish is 4%, locating at bottom side walls while no self-extinction found other tests. higher larger...