Bacillus anthracis spores are the infectious form of the organism for humans and animals. However, the approved human vaccine in the United States is derived from a vegetative culture filtrate of a toxigenic, nonencapsulated B. anthracis strain that primarily contains protective antigen (PA). Immunization of mice with purified spore proteins and formalin-inactivated spores (FIS) from a nonencap...

Despite of the popularity of the fuzzy Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology, there are several limitations in combining the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) model. Two main limitations are: (1) it is difficult and impractical to form a complete fuzzy rule base when the number of required rules is large; and (2) fulfillment of the monotonicity prope...

The purpose was to develop a foot image capture and measurement system with web cameras (the 3-FIS) to provide reliable and valid foot anthropometric measures with efficiency comparable to that of the conventional method of using a handheld anthropometer. Eleven foot measures were obtained from 10 subjects using both methods. Reliability of each method was determined over 3 consecutive days usi...

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the psychometric features of the Persian version of the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS-P) tool when used in Iranian MS patients. Methods: 140 MS patients and the equivalent number of healthy controls completed the following assessments: FIS-P, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), SF-36 questionnaire and  the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). ...

Building a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) generally requires experts’ knowledge. However, experts’ knowledge is not always available. When there is few experts’ knowledge, it becomes hard to build a FIS using one of supervised learning methods. Meanwhile, Q-learning is a kind of reinforcement learning where an agent can acquire knowledge from its experiences even without the model of the environm...

AIM Evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Family Impact Scale (FIS). METHODS Following translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the FIS was tested on 123 parents-caregivers of children between 11 and 14 years of age with dental caries and malocclusions. The parents were recruited from the Paediatric Dental and Orthodontic clinics where their children were rece...

A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) typically implements a function f : R → T, where the domain set R denotes the totally-ordered set of real numbers, whereas the range set T may be either T = R (i.e. FIS regressor) or T may be a set of labels (i.e. FIS classifier), etc. This work considers the complete lattice (F,1) of Type-1 Intervals’ Numbers, or INs for short, where an IN F can be interpreted as...

Fis, one of the most important nucleoid-associated proteins, functions as a global regulator of transcription in bacteria that has been comprehensively studied in Escherichia coli K12. Fis also influences the virulence of Salmonella enterica and pathogenic E. coli by regulating their virulence genes, however, the relevant mechanism is unclear. In this report, using combined RNA-seq and chromati...

FIS, short for Fault Isolation System. is an ongoing research project at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, a branch of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The focus of the work is a model-based expert system shell capable of acquiring from a user a description of a piece of electronic equipment. called a unit under test (UUT). This description is later used by FIS...

Genotypic frequencies at codominant marker loci in population samples convey information on mating systems. A classical way to extract this information is to measure heterozygote deficiencies (FIS) and obtain the selfing rate s from FIS = s/(2 - s), assuming inbreeding equilibrium. A major drawback is that heterozygote deficiencies are often present without selfing, owing largely to technical a...