It had been suggested that the flagella of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) might contribute to host colonization. In this study, we set out to investigate the adhesive properties of H7 and H6 flagella. We studied the abilities of EHEC EDL933 (O157:H7) and EPEC E2348/69 (O127:H6) flagella to bind to bovine mucus, host proteins such as mucins, and ext...

Eukaryotic cilia and flagella have highly conserved 9 + 2 structures. They are functionally diverged to play cell-type-specific roles even in a multicellular organism. Although their structural components are therefore believed to be common, few studies have investigated the molecular diversity of the protein components of the cilia and flagella in a single organism. Here we carried out a prote...

Spirochetes are a unique group of motile bacteria that are distinguished by their helical or flat-wave shapes and the location of their flagella, which reside within the tiny space between the bacterial cell wall and the outer membrane (the periplasm). In Borrelia burgdorferi, rotation of the flagella produces cellular undulations that drive swimming. How these shape changes arise due to the fo...

Cilia and flagella are among the most ancient cellular organelles, providing motility for primitive eukaryotic cells living in an aqueous environment. During adaptation to life on land, some groups of organisms, including advanced fungi, red algae, cellular slime molds, conifers, and angiosperms, lost the ability to assemble flagella (Raven et al., 1999). The centriole or basal body, which orga...

Every organism has a size that is convenient for its function. Not only multicellular organisms but also uni-cellular and even subcellular structures have sizes. Flagella of eukaryotic cells are long dynamic cell protrusions. Because their simple linear geometry, these appendages been popular system experimental investigation the mechanisms control organelles cells. In past, most attention focu...

Flagellated bacteria propel themselves by rotating flexible flagella driven independent motors. Depending on the rotation direction of motors and handedness helical filaments, either pull or push cell body. Motivated experimental observations Magnetococcus marinus , we develop an elastohydrodynamic model to study locomotion a bi-flagellated bacterium with one puller flagellum pusher flagellum. ...

Cilia and flagella often exhibit synchronized behavior; this includes phase locking, as seen in Chlamydomonas, and metachronal wave formation in the respiratory cilia of higher organisms. Since the observations by Gray and Rothschild of phase synchrony of nearby swimming spermatozoa, it has been a working hypothesis that synchrony arises from hydrodynamic interactions between beating filaments....

CCDC39 and CCDC40 were first identified as causative mutations in primary ciliary dyskinesia patients; cilia from patients show disorganized microtubules, and they are missing both N-DRC and inner dynein arms proteins. In Chlamydomonas, we used immunoblots and microtubule sliding assays to show that mutants in CCDC40 (PF7) and CCDC39 (PF8) fail to assemble N-DRC, several inner dynein arms, tekt...