BACKGROUND Short- (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) are involved in the control of movement and movement initiation. Alterations to the two circuits can result in direct alterations to the physiology of the muscles and can be used to explain the physiological changes to individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVE To probe changes in GABAergic function by charac...

AIM: During tennis, the development of fatigue has been shown to induce performance decrements. However, it is not known specifically if the forearm muscles play a key factor in skilled performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate forearm fatigue following a tennis protocol and to determine the physiological and performance effects of a novel tennis grip on forearm muscle fatigu...

Introduction: Biceps brachii muscle is one of the powerful muscles in anterior compartment arm. It supplied by musculocutaneous nerve. Normally, takes origin two heads: long head and short head. Sometimes it as supernumerary heads. inserts on posterior part radial tuberosity radius bone. maintains stability shoulder joint. crosses joints: elbow Case report: In present study, we found variation ...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of lateral epicondylitis remains unclear. Our purpose was to study the anatomy of the lateral aspect of the elbow under static and dynamic conditions in order to identify bone-to-tendon and tendon-to-tendon contact or rubbing that might cause abrasion of the tissues. METHODS Eighty-five cadaveric elbows were examined to determine details related to the bone structu...

The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) muscle originates from the distal third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, front of lateral intermuscular septum and from the lateral epicondyle of humerus. The tendon of ECRL along with extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) passes through the second compartment of extensor retinaculum and inserts into the base of second metacarpal bone ...

Although the orientations of the hand and forearm vary for different wrist rehabilitation protocols, their effect on muscle forces has not been quantified. Physiologic simulators enable a biomechanical evaluation of the joint by recreating functional motions in cadaveric specimens. Control strategies used to actuate joints in physiologic simulators usually employ position or force feedback alon...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the interaction among genetic group, sex and age on the frequencies and cross-sectional areas of myofiber types in rabbits. A total of 48 straightbred and crossbred Botucatu rabbits, males and females, were involved in a split plot design with a 2 × 2 (genetic groups × genders) factorial arrangement. Young rabbits were weaned at 35 days of a...

In many species of frog, the forelimb muscles important in amplexus are known to be much larger in males than in females. We studied this dimorphism in three forelimb muscles in the bullfrog [abductor indicus longus (AIL), flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR)] by testing their isometric contractile properties. One muscle that is not dimorphic, the extensor carpi ulnaris...

Blind intramuscular injection might cause severe neurovascular injury if it would be performed with insufficient knowledge of anatomy around the injection area. We report a case of pseudo-anterior interosseous syndrome caused by multiple intramuscular steroid injections around the antecubital area. The patient had weakness of the 1st to 3rd digits flexion with typical OK sign. Muscle atrophy wa...