Monitoring flow in channels is difficult, expensive, and potentially dangerous; hence, alternatives minimizing these factors are sought indirect methods to measure the based on water-level information, among others, employed. Ultrasonic sensors along with Arduino widely used monitor levels reservoirs; however, accuracy of this method turbulent regimes has not been evaluated. Therefore, study, w...

Being greatly inspired by the natural flowing regulation of water, we propose a new meta-heuristic algorithm — Flowing Water Algorithm (FWA) for solution combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Since space COPs is multidimensional, complex and has many local extreme values, according to our proposed method, it appears be similar an endless hilly area with mountains, valleys plateaus....

The Mangalore and Udupi region on the south-west coast of India is characterized by small west-flowing rivers (150-250 km in length) originating in the Western Ghats (up to 1940 meters above sea level (m asl)) and joining the Arabian Sea. The area experiences a humid tropical climate with frequent, high-intensity rainfall (4000 mm annual average). Nevertheless, there is a shortage of water duri...