Chemical sanitizers are routinely used during commercial flume washing of fresh-cut leafy greens to minimize cross-contamination from the water. This study assessed the efficacy of five commercial sanitizer treatments against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on iceberg lettuce, in wash water, and on equipment during simulated commercial production in a pilot-scale processing line. Iceberg lettuce (5.4 ...

Present-day understanding of rill dynamics is hampered by a lack of detailed data on velocity distributions in rills. The latter are difficult to collect with traditional techniques due to the very low water depths and the relatively high flow velocities in rills. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the feasibility of miniaturized acoustic Doppler velocimeter (mADV) measurements in...

The present study aimed to identify threshold shear stresses to cause benthic invertebrates to drift in boundary shear layers. Laboratory experiments were carried out in a small tilting flume, 10 cm wide and 3 m long with a closed recirculation system and a fixed sand bottom of uniform grain size. Benthic invertebrates from different orders (Achaeta, Gastropoda, Crustacea, Ephemeroptera, Odonat...

Meandering channels with exposed point bars and sinuosities near 2.0 can spontaneously develop in a mix of diatomaceous earth and kaolinite clay. The experimental streams that were studied were as small as 4 cm wide. They showed many of the characteristics found in large meandering streams such as migration of channels, formation of point bars, clay plugs, chutes and bar scrolls. Most of the me...

The focus of the present study is the BBM equation which models unidirectional propagation of small amplitude long waves in shallow water and other dispersive media. Interest will be turned to the two-point boundary value problem wherein the wave motion is specified at both ends of a finite stretch of the medium of propagation. The principal new result is an exact theory of convergence of the t...

(1 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, 4 China; E-mail: [email protected], author for correspondence) 5 (2 Hydro-environmental Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK; Email: 6 [email protected]) 7 (3 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan...

In this paper, based on flume experimental data, the velocity distribution in open channel flows is re-investigated. From the analysis, it is proposed that the wake layer in outer region may be divided into two regions, the relatively weak outer region and the relatively strong outer region. Combining the log law for inner region and the parabolic law for relatively strong outer region, an expl...

With the increasing availability and scale of data from Web 2.0, the ability to efficiently and timely analyze huge amounts of data is important for industry success. A number of real-time stream processing platforms have been developed, such as Storm, S4, and Flume. A fundamental problem of these large scale decentralized stream processing systems is how to deploy the workload to each node so ...

Most sediment transport equations overestimate the bedload transport rate by several times when applied to mountain rivers. This is due to the fact that the presence of large relatively immobile boulders, which disrupt the flow, is generally not taken into account. Sediment transport in steep channels with boulders was herein investigated using 41 laboratory experiments carried out on a tilting...