We examine colors from 3.6μm to 24μm as a function of metallicity (O/H) for a sample of 34 galaxies. The galaxies range over 2 orders of magnitude in metallicity. They display an abrupt shift in the 8μm to 24μm color between metallicities 1/3 to 1/5 of the solar value. The mean 8μm to 24μm flux density ratio below and above 12 + log(O/H) = 8.2 is 0.08 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.53, respectively. We us...

Axial flux ironless permanent magnetic synchronous motor (AFIPMSM) is a new permanent magnetic motor. It has many advantages, such as little volume, low mass, low lost, high power density, no cogging torque, and the sinusoidal back EMF. It gradually becomes the good choice in drive system. However, because of the coreless structure and the long air gap, the winding inductance is small, which ca...

This study deals with the demands of traction motor design process in where not only the application set some design limits but also the control method set its own boundaries. It is a demanding task to design a traction application in where the driving speed varies from low speed up to field weakening area. Permanent Magnet (PM) synchronous reluctance motors are often used in traction applicati...

— This paper presents a novel algorithm for the induction motor torque control in field weakening region. Proposed method insures maximum DC bus utilization and extends the torque-speed curve up to the system limits. Controller is based on the stator voltage angle control. It provides full DC link disturbance rejection and offers the torque response time sufficient for most applications. The al...

This paper deals with the optimal control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPM) in the integrated starter-generator (ISG) application. IPM designed for flux-weakening operations are able to realise high performances. Nevertheless, the ISG environment imposes lots of constraints which must be taken into account in an appropriate control. After a presentation of machine design, I...

The in-wheel motor has received more attention owing to its simple structure, high transmission efficiency, flexible control, and easy integration design. It is difficult to achieve high performance with conventional motors due to their dimensions and structure. This paper presents a new dual-stator and dual-field-excitation permanent-magnet in-wheel motor (DDPMIM) that is based on the structur...

This article proposes a flux-weakening (FW) control for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (DTPMSM) based on vector space decomposition (VSD) control, where the output voltage in ?? subplane is employed feedback FW loop. As fundamental components are mapped to while fifth and seventh harmonics projected harmonic z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlin...