Free space optical (FSO) communication involves the use of optical or laser beams to send the information through the atmosphere. The key towards our vision is the use of FSO technology which in contrast to traditional wireless of RF technologies has lower interference footprint, can support longer range and offers higher bandwidth. In this paper we review the recent advances made in the field ...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) flying in swarm formations carrying a variety of sensors for monitoring and surveillance is in fact a future application for both civil and military use. Different requirements of guidance and control of UAV were already identified; however, the communication facilities between mobile platforms and air-to-ground links are restricted to low bit rate and radio based...

Free Space Optical (FSO) communications use modulated collimated light energy, usually in the form of an infrared (IR) laser, to transmit data. This affords FSO many appealing qualities such as a very high bandwidth capability, a high level of security through a low probability of detection (LPD) and a low probability of intercept (LPI), and a signal that is impervious to radio frequency (RF) i...

In this paper the per-node throughput and end-to-end delay of randomly deployed (i.e. ad-hoc) hybrid radio frequency free space optics (RF/FSO) networks is studied. The hybrid RF/FSO network consists of an RF ad hoc network of n nodes, f(n) of them, termed ‘super nodes’, are equipped with an additional FSO transceiver with transmission range s(n). Every RF and FSO transceiver is able to transmi...

Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communication has the potential to achieve very high wireless communication rates at tens of GHz. Although it has the advantage of high-speed optical modulation, FSO communication is prone to mobility and it requires establishment and maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS) between FSO transceivers since FSO transceivers are highly directional. We consider FSO structures wit...

The roles that diet and prey abundance play in habitat selection of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) in the contiguous United States is poorly understood. From 1998–2002, we back-tracked radiocollared lynx (6 F, 9 M) for a distance of 582 km and we located 86 kills in northwestern Montana, USA. Lynx preyed on 7 species that included blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus), spruce grouse (Canachites can...

Increasing demand in data-traffic has been addressed over the last few years. It is expected that the data-traffic will present the significant part of the total backbone traffic. Accordingly, much more transmission systems will be required to support this growth. A free space optic (FSO) communication is the greatest promising technology supporting high-speed and high-capacity transport networ...

This paper is written in response to many inquiries about 10 μ Free-Space Optics (FSO) performance compared to shorter wavelengths. The increasing interest in better understanding FSO weather effects is the result of carrier requests as well as recent progress in analyzing fog effects on FSO signal propagation. Extensive studies in modeling fog and simulating FSO attenuations revealed the compl...

The utilization of drones as flying base stations (BSs) in the sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks has attracted much attention recently. In this context, free-space optical (FSO) systems could be deployed to provide high-capacity fronthaul/backhaul links between and ground BSs. Particularly, a drone-to-ground FSO communication link can established by equipping drone with modulating retro-r...