Recently, there is great interest in monolithically integrated free-space micro-optics using micromachining techniques [ 11. Monolithic integration of the whole micro-optical system can drastically reduce its size, weight, and cost. In addition, the expensive packaging process of individual optical elements can also be eliminated. An example of the newly micromachined integrated micro-optical s...

We report here on the control of remote surface-plasmon-mediated two-photon-induced luminescence of dendritic silver nanoparticle aggregates as observed by femtosecond laser microscopy. With a focal spot diameter approximately 1 microm, polarized remote emission has been observed 99 microm from the focal spot. We show control over the regions of emission by changing the polarization of the inci...

The set of diffractive optical elements for CO2 and Nd-Yag lasers was theoretically calculated, fabricated by microlithographic technology and experimentally tested. It is shown that the laser systems for therapy, surgery and welding gain from advanced capabilities of the DOEs: uniform focal-spot intensity, simultaneous formation of focal line contours, sharp and multiple-spot focusing, dual-wa...

At large NAs a micro-Fresnel zone plate produces a focal spot that is more elliptical than that produced by an objective lens with the same NA. Using this anisotropy we demonstrate a method for modulating the spring constant of an optical trap by rotating the linear input polarization. The focal spot ellipticity is enhanced by the apodization factor of the zone plate and its extremely high NA. ...

In this paper, using the Richards–Wolf equations, focusing of circularly polarized light with flat diffractive lenses is considered. It shown that, as numerical aperture (NA) lens increases, size focal spot first decreases and then begins to grow. The minimum observed at NA = 0.96 (FWHM 0.55 λ). With a further increase in lens, growth longitudinal component leads an spot. When replaced by aplan...

By altering the polarization, phase and amplitude at the exit pupil, the intensity distribution near the focal plane of a Solid Immersion Lens(SIL) system can be changed. We have studied how the resolution and focal depth changes for a few particular cases. It was seen that by impinging radial polarization on a SIL system, we may obtain a rotational symmetric z-component of the focused wavefron...

Focusing properties of Bessel–Gauss beam with radial varying polarization are investigated based on vector diffraction theory in this article. The polarization angle formed by polarization direction and radial coordinate is the function of the radial distance in pupil plane, and one polarization parameter indicates the speed of change of polarization angle. It was found that the intensity distr...

Digital templating in hip replacement is commonly performed with radiological markers to determine the magnification. The latter can also be determined by measuring the distance from the x-ray focal spot to the object and the distance from the x-ray focal spot to the radiological cassette or image receptor. We used post-operative radiographs of total hip replacements and hemiarthroplasties from...