Food-chain length, the number of feeding links from the basal species to the top predator, is a key characteristic of biological communities. However, the determinants of food-chain length still remain controversial. While classical theory predicts that food-chain length should increase with increasing resource availability, empirical supports of this prediction are limited to those from simple...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between the availability of healthy foods and BMI by neighbourhood race and socio-economic status (SES). DESIGN Trained staff collected demographic information, height, weight and 24 h dietary recalls between 2004 and 2008. Healthy food availability was determined in thirty-four census tracts of varying racial and SES composition using the Nutrition Environm...

Implementation of food security policies and their implications for availability community members (Study in the transmigration placement area Wonosari District, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province). The purpose study was to find out implementation local government's policy District its residents Regency Province. And benefits research determine impact implementing on method used this is with a...

By varying the time spent searching for food, parasitoids modify their expected lifespan, and therefore their total lifetime reproductive success. Using a stochastic dynamic approach, we define the best choice between searching for food and searching for hosts as a function of the state of the parasitoid and the availability of food when hosts and food are found in different parts of the enviro...

OBJECTIVE Given that small food stores may be important retail food sources in low-income urban communities, our objective was to examine cross-city comparative data documenting healthy food availability within such facilities, particularly those located in low-income areas and nearby schools. DESIGN Food stores in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota; Oakland, California; and...

Metabolic rates reflect the energetic cost of living but exhibit remarkable variation among conspecifics, partly as a result of the constraints imposed by environmental conditions. Metabolic rates are sensitive to changes in temperature and oxygen availability, but effects of food availability, particularly on maximum metabolic rates, are not well understood. Here, we show in brown trout (Salmo...