Three consecutive outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis PT4 occurred in Wales in 1989 in which epidemiological and microbiological investigation established eggs as the likely source although kitchen inspection and food preparation histories suggested other vehicles of infection. This paper examines the contribution of analytical epidemiology in attributing causation, with particular reference to...

A quantitative model was constructed to estimate the probability that a serving of food containing eggs produced on the island of Ireland is contaminated with Salmonella spp. The model is based on the prevalence of contaminated eggs at the time of lay and a set of parameters which describe the pooling of eggs in the home and in catering situations. Both external and internal contamination of th...

The effect of temperature variability on laying birds was studied experimentally, using Japanese quail. Two aspects of temperature variability were investigated: the effects of regular daily variation in temperature, and of a sudden change in temperature. Both of these may become more common as a consequence of climate change. These manipulations were carried out at two levels of food supply. E...

The prevalence of allergy is markedly low in children growing up on farms. An increasing number of studies indicate that the timing of food introduction may affect allergy development. We aimed to investigate if protection against allergy in farm environments may be mediated through differences in food-introduction practices between farm and non-farm families, using an explorative approach. Twe...

Salmonella enteritidis may have been transmitted through the hands of the vendors or from those of vendors who sold egg products in the vicinity. Although raw eggs and egg products have been implicated in contamination with Salmonella enteritidis the ability of this pathogen to survive for up to 7-14 days on the surface of many fresh fruits as in melons have been reported. Since, people of almo...

The aim of this report is to describe breastfeeding duration and introduction of foods in Swedish infants born 1997-9, in relation to current recommendations. A secondary aim is to examine breastfeeding duration and introduction of certain allergenic foods in allergy-risk families (for whom allergy-preventive advice has been issued). Out of 21,700 invited infants, screening questionnaires were ...

BACKGROUND Identifying the determinants of child's liking for different foods may help to prevent future choices of unhealthy food. OBJECTIVE To study early-life food-related characteristics associated with child's liking for different foods at 5y with a longitudinal study. DESIGN 1142 5y- old children completed a liking test for "fruit and vegetables", "meat, fish and eggs", desserts and c...

The Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition has produced an updated version of the traditional food pyramid based on the Mediterranean diet in order to assess the simultaneous impact that food has on human health and the environment. The Double Pyramid Model demonstrates how the foods recommended to be consumed most frequently are also those exerting less environmental impact, whereas the foods t...

BACKGROUND Nutrition-sensitive interventions supporting enhanced household food production have potential to improve child dietary quality. However, heterogeneity in market access may cause systematic differences in program effectiveness depending on household wealth and child age. Identifying these effect modifiers can help development agencies specify and target their interventions. OBJECTI...