BACKGROUND The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a validated method for quantifying standing foot posture, and is being used in a variety of clinical settings. There have however, been no normative data available to date for comparison and reference. This study aimed to establish normative FPI reference values. METHODS Studies reporting FPI data were identified by searching online databases. Nine a...

Background: Core Stability is the capacity to regulate position and motion of trunk over pelvis foroptimal force production, transmission, control terminal segment during integrated sportsactivities. Obesity linked a number debilitating musculoskeletal diseases in adults. The Foot PostureIndex can be used assess deviations foot posture alignment, such as pronation supination. Variousstudies wer...

BACKGROUND Adolescence is marked by changes to the body, including the feet. The Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) stands out from other foot type classification methods as valid, reliable, and multidimensional. However, the current literature differs according to age group, with little consolidation of normative data in school children, largely due to the influence of such factors as sex, age and bod...

A principle objective of human walking is controlling angular motion of the body as a whole to remain upright. The force of the ground on each foot (F) reflects that control, and recent studies show that in the sagittal plane F exhibits a specific coordination between F direction and center-of-pressure (CP) that is conducive to remaining upright. Typical walking involves the CP shifting relativ...

Although lizards have been model organisms for testing locomotor performance and in ecomorphological studies, the limb movements of lizards during high-speed locomotion are poorly understood. Thus, we quantified the three-dimensional kinematics of the hindlimb, body and tail for five morphologically distinct species of lizard during steady-speed locomotion near maximum sprinting speed (2-5 m s-...