We examined the prevalence, quantity, and diversity of Campylobacter species in the excreta of 159 California gull (Larus californicus) samples using culture-, PCR-, and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based detection assays. Campylobacter prevalence and abundance were relatively high in the gull excreta examined; however, C. jejuni and C. lari were detected in fewer than 2% of the isolates and DNA ext...

Received 26 November 2011 Accepted 10 November 2012 Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate levels of nickel in feathers of the Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis (N=15) and Siberian Gull Larus heuglini (N=15). Bird samples were collected from November to December 2010 in Hara Biosphere Reserve. Assaying nickel by using Shimadzu AA 680 flame atomic absorption spectrophotome...

By definition, a social attitude is a behaviour pattern, anticipatory set or tendency, predisposition to specific adjustment to designated social situations, or, more simply, a conditioned response to social stimuli. Terminological usage differs, but students who have concerned themselves with attitudes apparently agree that they are acquired out of social experience and provide the individual ...

Gray-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818), is distributed across South America and considered a resident, with individuals in their non-breeding period able to disperse over long distances. We report the first records of this species from state Espírito Santo, only on Brazilian coast without previous records. suggest that geographical distribution expanding alo...

The goal of this research was to explore the generality of developmental processes related to intergenerational value discrepancies across 701 families from immigrant and non-immigrant groups. In a study involving 471 immigrant families (197 Armenian, 103 Vietnamese, and 171 Mexican) and 230 non-immigrant families (95 African American and 135 European American), adolescents and parents reported...

In the case of the Armenian Genocide, action and inaction and the weighing of costs and benefits led to the massive destruction of Armenians during WWI. The Turkish government’s racial discrimination against the Armenians drove them to politically and violently eradicate the Armenians within the Ottoman Empire. The benefit for the Turks from having separatist policies was establishing a pure Tu...

To clarify the involvement of seven Arabidopsis homologs of rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone (L-GulL) oxidase, AtGulLOs, in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), transgenic tobacco cells overexpressing the various AtGulLOs were generated. Under treatment with L-GulL, the levels of total AsA in three transgenic tobacco cell lines, overexpressing AtGulLO2, 3, or 5, were significantly increased as co...

We previously showed that the expression of (Gal alpha 1-4Gal)-bearing glycoproteins among birds is related to their phylogeny. However, precise structures of (Gal alpha 1-4Gal)-containing N-glycans were only known for pigeon egg white glycoproteins and IgG. To compare structural features of (Gal alpha 1-4Gal)-containing N-glycans from other species, we analyzed N-glycans of gull egg white (GEW...