Life-history theory predicts that selection will favor optimal levels of parental effort that balance benefits of current reproduction with costs to survival and future reproduction. The optimal level of effort depends on parental traits, offspring traits, and provisioning strategy. Additionally, how these factors influence effort may differ depending on the stage of reproduction. The relative ...

BACKGROUND Maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are strongly influenced by time spent near traffic. However, little is known about women's travel activities during pregnancy and whether questionnaire-based data can provide reliable information on travel patterns during pregnancy. O...

We examined the association between meteorological (weather) conditions in a given locale and pedestrian trips frequency and duration, through the use of locative digital data. These associations were determined for seasonality, urban microclimate, and commuting. We analyzed GPS data from a broadly available activity tracking mobile phone application that automatically recorded 247,814 trips fr...

BACKGROUND Travelers to countries with high tuberculosis incidence can acquire infection during travel. We sought to compare four screening interventions for travelers from low-incidence countries, who visit countries with varying tuberculosis incidence. METHODS Decision analysis model: We considered hypothetical cohorts of 1,000 travelers, 21 years old, visiting Mexico, the Dominican Republi...

Human behavior pattern recognition exploited using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is at the core of Intelligence (AI) classification applications. School trip transport forecasting mode selection based upon ANN ability provided an easy-to-use scientific toolkit for sustainable urban policies designing and implementation. The paper capitalized acknowledged to recognize classify patterns leadin...

Abstract Introduction Pilots flying long range (8-16 h) and ultra (16+ flights crossing several time zones must decide when how much to sleep during layover between the outbound return flight. Some pilots choose on home base (HBT), while others attempt local time. We sought broad patterns in timing amount of pilot layovers. Methods Using actigraphy, verified by self-report diaries, we collected...

A number of researchers have developed models that use test market data to generate forecasts of a new product’s performance. However, most of these models have ignored the effects of marketing covariates. In this paper we examine what impact these covariates have on a model’s forecasting performance and explore whether their presence enables us to reduce the length of the model calibration per...