This paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. The method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. In the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...

China has the largest foreign exchange reserve in world, but high is a double-edged sword for country. There are two kinds of analysis this. First, China's reserves have far exceeded reasonable scale, which will cause to pay extremely management costs. Second, considerable, this objective demand economy. Sufficient can make occupy favorable position international development. Based on data rese...

Members will discuss the Board’s proposed rule under Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfer Act) that would create new disclosures and protections for consumers who send remittance transfers to recipients in foreign countries. Reports by committees and other matters initiated by Council members also may be discussed. Persons wishing to submit views to the Council on any of the above topics may ...

In conjunction with the Committee on the Global Financial System Working Group project on foreign direct investment in emerging market financial sectors, staff of the U.S. Federal Reserve examined the market for political risk insurance (PRI) and its use by financial institutions to mitigate emerging market risks. A series of meetings were undertaken in 2003 with U.S. commercial and investment ...

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy(HDCP)is a pregnancy-specific disease. It often occurs after 20 weeks and the incidence was 9.4% in our country while 7% -12% [1] in the foreign reports. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is a great harm for maternals which can seriously damage the heart, brain, kidney and other organs of pregnant woman [2,3] and the incidence of premature children...

This paper investigates dislocations in the foreign exchange (FX) swap market between the US dollar and three major European currencies. After the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, deviations from covered interest parity (CIP) were negatively associated with the creditworthiness of US financial institutions (as well as that of European institutions), consistent with the deepening of...

this paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. the method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. in the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...

Building on the vast literature, this paper focuses role of structure international investment position (IIP) in affecting countries' external vulnerabilities. Using a sample 73 advanced and emerging economies new database IIP's currency composition, we find that size liabilities assets, especially with regards to denomination, matter understanding balance-of-payments pressures. Specifically, b...

Economic Group Reserve Bank of Australia We thank participants at a Reserve Bank seminar and Adrian Pagan for comments. We are very grateful to John Simon for performing the Monte Carlo simulations in the paper. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Reserve Bank of Australia. Abstract The paper is motivated by two empirical results. Australia's terms o...

Empirical studies quantifying the benefits of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of a positive impact on the host country’s economic performance. I show that the lack of robust evidence is not inconsistent with theory, even if the gains to FDI openness are large. Anticipated welfare gains to increased inward FDI should lead to immediate dec...