Terrorism is an act whose nature and outcome is violence and fear. Regardless of the different forms of the realization of this act in the past, it has taken new forms in the contemporary era due to the advancement of sciences and technologies. To face this phenomenon, then, it is necessary to foresee and apply appropriate and favorable measures. As a victim of internal and external terrorism, ...

In the light of the known definition of mental health the fundamentalist attitude and associated acts of terrorism, sometimes in the form of suicidal attacks are not normal behaviours. Although they are complex phenomena, described by psychologists and sociologists , it seems that the essence of the causes of fundamentalist attitudes and acts of terrorism should also be discussed by psychiatris...

In this work, the author develops and explains a set of economic models under the decision theoretic framework to conceptualize the requisite levels of investment in the defense against cyber terrorism. This paper begins with a naïve model of cyber defense, on which the author progressively implements aspects of layered defense and domain conditionality to investigate practicable investment lev...

Smoke from wildland fires is one of the sources of atmospheric anthropogenic aerosols. it can dramatically affect regional and global radiative balance. Ross et al. (1998) estimated a direct radiative forcing of nearly -20 ~ m ' for the 1995 Amazonian smoke season (August and September). Penner et al. (1992) indicated that the magnitude of the smoke global radiative forcing is comparable to tha...