BACKGROUND Online formative assessments have a sound theoretical basis, and are prevalent and popular in higher education settings, but data to establish their educational benefits are lacking. This study attempts to determine whether participation and performance in integrated online formative assessments in the biomedical sciences has measurable effects on learning by junior medical students....

The focus in this paper is on conditions for ICT use in SMEs expressed as formative infrastructure. Questions concern needs for infrastructure among SMEs, actors roles, and concepts constituting a formative infrastructure for ICT-adoption and use. Few – if any – studies, take the perspective of SMEs’ needs for infrastructure concerning use of ICT. A formative ICT infrastructure is constituted b...

this study was conducted to examine the impact of formative and summative assessment in the professional development of iranian efl instructors at universities. moreover, an attempt was made to figure out whether the formative assessment is more effective than the summative assessment. since the present work is qualitative/quantitative research in nature, it was conducted within the ethnography...

 The tool presented in this work allows the teacher to create objective questions in order to get a formative evaluation having as its main goal to track the development of the student in the learning process. The aim of the tool is to create a dependence among test questions, building a tree of questions where the teacher can verify the “path” followed by the student during the test, getting ...

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of real-time electronic formative assessment-based medical education on learners’ motivational beliefs and self-regulation strategies. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 323 students studying at the Medical School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, during the first semeste...

This study is a typological description of written formative feedback in an EFL context in Iran. Twenty M.A. students of TEFL participated in the study. They were required to summarize a scholarly article in each session on which the instructor would provide written corrective feedback (CF). Written formative comments were extracted, coded, and categorized into various types, such as asking for...

A MIMIC (multiple indicators and multiple causes) model serves as a strong statistical validation technique for a set of formative indicators (Bagozzi 2011; Cenfetelli and Bassellier 2009; Diamontopoulos and Winklhofer 2001; Jöreskog and Goldberger 1975), and can be used when reflective indicators of related constructs to the focal formative construct are available. The method uses the reflecti...