Two English and two Dutch cases have recently clarified the (potential) liability of parent companies vis-à-vis third parties in relation to damage caused by their subsidiaries. They concern decisions UK Supreme Court Vedanta v Lungowe Okpabi Shell , Hague Appeal Oguru District Milieudefensie (climate change case).

BUMN as a legal entity that aims to improve people's lives is carried out based on article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. To increase role in country's economy, various efforts have been made, one which restructuring by forming holding company concept. The type research author normative juridical law conducting analysis techniques and studies laws Republic Indonesia Number 19 2003 concerning Stat...

The organs and functions of a limited liability company are controlled by Company Law No. 40 2007 Governing Limited Liability Companies (UU PT). tasks executing supervising have been distinguished. board directors is in charge the company's day-to-day operations, while commissioners oversees directors. In reality, however, participates director activities or performs tasks. This study aims to a...

One of the relatively dominant business entities in economic activity is type entity form a Limited Liability Company. In case sustainable development, one establishments PT which establishment at least 2 (two) people as stated Article 7 paragraph (1) Law. It becomes problem when arrangement can be by person and then how responsibility for shareholders an individual company mandate Job Creation...

Law on Enterprises 2020 has offered many favorable opportunities for investors, created flexibility in business increased enterprise freedom, and contributed to eliminating the limitations of Enterprise 2014. For first time Vietnamese Enterprises, a multi-member limited liability company is allowed issue shares convert into joint-stock company. In addition openness companies’ capital mobilizati...

The rights and obligations of an executive as a top manager limited liability company seem to be long-settled question. However, the opposite is true. We were particularly interested in question statutory body most widespread type business company. A very important issue definition relationship between manager. reason for this fact that it business–legal protection provided relation based only ...