this paper, i have focused on the tax side of the fiscal policy to  investigate the past and future behavior of fiscal sustainability in iran. to do so, i have employed two different forward-looking and backward-looking approaches. first, the backward-looking approach is the fiscal policy rule proposed by daving & leeper (2011). precisely, this rule determines that whether the fiscal policy is ...

During the last two decades, bilingual research has adopted the masked translation priming paradigm as a tool to investigate the architecture of the bilingual language system. Although there is now a consensus about the existence of forward translation priming (from native language primes [L1] to second language [L2] translation equivalent targets), the backward translation priming effect (from...

Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) is a general-purpose rulebased programming language. This paper studies the forward and backward propagation of rules, and explores the combination of both execution strategies. Forward propagation transforms input to output, while backward propagation uncovers input from output. This work includes a source-to-source transformation capable of implementing a backw...

The Graphplan planner has enjoyed considerable success as a planning algorithm for classical STRIPS domains In this paper we explore the extent to which its representation can be used for probabilistic planning In particular we consider an MDP style framework in which the state of the world is known but actions are probabilistic and the objective is to produce a nite horizon contingent plan wit...

We present a novel new word extraction method from Japanese texts based on expected word frequencies. First, we compute expected word frequencies from Japanese texts using a robust stochastic N-best word segmenter. We then extract new words by filtering out erroneous word hypotheses whose expected word frequencies are lower than the predefined threshold. The method is derived from an approximat...

The technique of forward/backward simulations has been applied successfuly in many distributed and concurrent applications. In this paper, however, we claim that the technique can actually have more genericity and mathematical clarity. We do so by identifying forward/backward simulations as lax/oplax morphisms of coalgebras. Starting from this observation, we present a systematic study of this ...

We propose to reconsider abductive reasonning in the context of empirical reasonning, and to investigate its deep relations with constraint-based reasonning, a currently very success-full approach used in the problem-solving community. Abduction has been proposed in the rst years of this century by the logician and philosopher C. S. Peirce as a new inference mechanism for logical system along i...

We present characteristics of a wavelength swept laser with a scanning fiber Fabry-Perot filter at 1300 nm. We investigate the dependence of the scanning frequencies in the swept laser. In conventional wavelength swept lasers, the relative intensity of the laser output decreases significantly as the scanning frequency increases. The peak wavelength of the output spectrum is red-shifted due to t...