The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) afflicts livestock in more than 80 countries, limiting food production and global trade. Production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines requires cytosolic expression of the FMDV 3C protease to cleave the P1 polyprotein into mature capsid proteins, but the FMDV 3C protease is toxic to host cells. To identify less-toxic isoforms of the FMDV 3C protease...

Chimeric foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) of which the antigenic properties can be readily manipulated is a potentially powerful approach in the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in sub-Saharan Africa. FMD vaccine application is complicated by the extensive variability of the South African Territories (SAT) type viruses, which exist as distinct genetic and antigenic variants in diffe...

Many studies have been performed into the relation antibody response and protection after footand-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination (Black et al. 1984; Pay et al. 1987; Pay et al. 1992). In every study a correlation was observed with the antibodies induced by the vaccine used in the study and protection observed after challenge. In the studies the methodology was never the same, e.g. the type of ...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals in the world. The disease can be effectively controlled by vaccination of susceptible animals with the conventional inactivated vaccine. However, one major concern of the inactivated FMD virus (FMDV) vaccine is that it does not allow serological discrimination between infected and v...

Introduction At the present time, there is not an officially (Office International des Epizooties) prescribed procedure for the routine discrimination of animals which have been infected with foot and mouth disease virus (and have otherwise fully recovered) from those which have received vaccination only. The official serological methods measure only antibodies against the structural proteins o...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia-1 are responsible for the outbreaks in these countries. Diverse strains of FMDV, even within the same serotype, co-circulate. Characterization of the viruses in circulation can facilitate appropriate vaccine selection and tracing of outbreaks. The present study characterized foot-and-mouth...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) endemic regions contain three-quarters of the world's FMD susceptible livestock and most of the world's poor livestock keepers. Yet FMD impact on smallholders in these regions is poorly understood. Diseases of low mortality can exert a large impact if incidence is high. Modelling and field studies commonly find high FMD incidence in endemic countries. Sero-surveys t...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether intradermal (ID) vaccination against foot-andmouth disease (FMD) is suitable as an alternative for the usually used intramuscular (IM) route. We used vaccines containing a normal or 10-fold dose antigen and compared groups of pigs that were vaccinated ID with either 0.2ml or 4x0.2ml with groups of pigs that were vaccinated IM with a standard 2ml,...