We propose and experimentally demonstrate the singular surface plasmon beam that presents a dark channel generated by a point dislocation and a long diffraction-free propagation distance up to 70λ(sp). The singular surface beam is the result of the interference of two surface plasmon polariton (SPP) plane waves, which are launched by two coupling gratings with lateral displacement. An aperture-...

wall-jet flow is an important flow field in hydraulic engineering, and its applications include flow from the bottom outlet of dams and sluice gates. in this paper, the plane turbulent wall jet in shallow tailwater is simulated by solving the reynolds averaged navier-stokes equations using the standard  turbulence closure model. this study aims to explore the ability of a time splitting method ...

National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Studies of transient wave propagation in plates were carried out to establish a basis for the impact-echo technique as a nondestructive test for flaw detection in concrete. The surface displacements caused by stress waves generated by point impact on a plate were calculated using both the Green's function solution and the finite element method...

We present a new idea that allows us to detect gravitational waves without being disturbed by any kind of displacement noise, based on the fact that gravitational waves and test-mass motions affect the propagations of light differently. We demonstrate this idea by analyzing a simple toy model consisting of three equally-separated objects on a line. By taking a certain combination of light trave...

In 2007 Kambites presented an algebraic interpretation of Chomsky-Schützenberger theorem for context-free languages. We give an interpretation of the corresponding theorem for the class of displacement context-free languages which are equivalent to well-nested multiple context-free languages. We also obtain a characterization of kdisplacement context-free languages in terms of monoid automata a...

Displacement measurement was conducted on compact normal and shear specimens made of acrylic homogeneous material subjected to mixed-mode loading by digital image correlation. The intelligent hybrid method proposed by Nishioka et al. was applied to the stress-strain analysis near the crack tip. The accuracy of stress-intensity factor at the free surface was discussed from the viewpoint of both ...

Full surface strain measurement requires the determination of two out-of-plane and four in-plane displacement gradient components of the surface strain tensor. Shearography is a full-field speckle interferometry technique with a sensitivity predominately to the out-of-plane displacement gradient. Speckle pattern photography has the sensitivity to the in-plane displacement, and taking the deriva...

Equations governing the elastic scattering of electrons are applied to the knock-on displacement of atoms along a substrate, yielding analytical expressions for the surface-translation energy, threshold incident energy, and displacement rate. For a surface perpendicular to the incident beam, scattering angles around 90° contribute most to the kinetic energy of surface atoms. Tilting the specime...

The impact of secondary flows on the flow velocity in open channel bends and confluences was simulated using three-dimensional (3D) numerical models. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation system utilized as governing equations two different turbulence models were employed this study: standard k-? model realizable k–? model. In a recent study by authors, rigid lid approach used, which does no...

We present and compare the joint and dual variants of the extended Kalman filter for coupled state and parameter identification problems. With reference to nonlinear dynamics of layered composites, we assume that the elastic properties of the laminae are known, whereas the softening constitutive law of the interlaminar phases adopted to simulate delamination needs to be calibrated. Purpose of t...