Freezing and melting behavior of nitrobenzene in mesoporous silicon with different pore size and with different porous structure have been studied using 1H NMR cryoporometry. With the bulk phase surrounding the porous monoliths, in materials with uniform channel-like pores distinct poresize-dependent freezing and melting transitions have been measured. These data were further used for the analy...

Aquatic and terrestrial habitats are heterogeneous by nature with respect to sound and light conditions. Fish may extract signals and exploit cues from both ambient modalities and they may also select their sound and light level of preference in free-ranging conditions. In recent decades, human activities in or near water have altered natural soundscapes and caused nocturnal light pollution to ...

Conventional methodology for examining conditioned fear has involved visual-based technologies such as cameras and direct observation. These methods are excellent screening tools of fear behavior (i.e. freezing). However, they do not provide a physiological output, which could be useful to examine neurophysiological correlates of fear. We found that dorsal neck electromyography can be used as a...

Using Newtonian and Brownian dynamics simulations, the structural and transport properties of hard and soft spheres have been studied. The soft spheres were modeled using inverse power potentials (V approximately r(-n), with 1n the potential softness). Although, at constant density, the pressure, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity depend on the particle softness up to extremely high values of...

Signaled active avoidance (AA) paradigms train subjects to prevent an aversive outcome by performing a learned behavior during the presentation of a conditioned cue. This complex form of conditioning involves pavlovian and instrumental components, which produce competing behavioral responses that must be reconciled for the subject to successfully avoid an aversive stimulus. In signaled AA parad...

BACKGROUND Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, which blocks the α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, has shown anxiolytic properties in clinical trials and preclinical animal experiments. The addition of mirtazapine to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is clinically suggested to be more effective for anxiety disorders. In this study, ...

We discuss the generic behavior of the hydrodynamic function H(q) and diffusion function D(q) characterizing the short-time diffusion in suspensions of charge-stabilized colloidal spheres, by covering the whole fluid regime. Special focus is given to the behavior of these functions at the freezing transition specified by the Hansen-Verlet freezing rule. Results are presented in dependence on sc...

We investigated the ecological physiology and behavior of free-living wood frogs [Lithobates (Rana) sylvaticus] overwintering in Interior Alaska by tracking animals into natural hibernacula, recording microclimate, and determining frog survival in spring. We measured cryoprotectant (glucose) concentrations and identified the presence of antifreeze glycolipids in tissues from subsamples of natur...

We investigated the effect of salt, sugar, and hydrolyzed egg yolk protein (HEY) on yolk's rheological properties, thermal behavior, microstructure for a better understanding their gelation inhibition mechanism. Salted samples had highest yield stress, followed by HEY sugared samples. With addition denaturation temperature amount free water significantly increased. Conversely, sugar no signific...

Silk fibroin has been widely explored for many biomedical applications, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The aim of this work was to study the role of dialysis and freezing on structural conformation, thermal properties and morphology of silk fibroin hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared after 3 and 7 days of dialysis and the effect of freezing was analyzed. For that purpose, a pa...