Producing a word to express a meaning requires the processes of lexical selection and phonological encoding. We argue that lexical selection is influenced by contextual constraint and phonological encoding by word frequency, and we use these variables to assess the processing relations between selection and encoding. In two experiments we examined latencies to name pictures presented within sen...

The bolt joint is the key component connecting rigid moving base body and flexible manipulator. dynamic characteristics of manipulator under elastic constraint are analyzed, action mechanism on frequency vibration mode revealed. Considering effects line torsion constraint, model established. Based principle virtual work, boundary constraints end free established, analytical equation expression ...

Abs t rac t . In this paper, we present the constraint handling techniques developed to tackle a real world optimization application: the frequency assignment problem (FAP) in cellular radio networks. The main goal of this application consists in finding assignments which minimize electromagnetic interference due to frequency reuse and minimize the number of frequencies used. An acceptable assi...

the study focused on the analysis of production and marketing constraints of tomato among rural farmers in talensi nabdam district of upper east region of ghana.a total of 100 respondents were interviewed using questionnaire. data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio economic characteristics of the farmers and kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to rank the ...

Crash frequency and crash severity are two major aspects of transportation safety. In this paper, we propose a decision-making scheme combining statistical analysis optimization modeling to be used in safety study. We conduct analysis, travel speed an develop two-stage decision minimize while mitigating severity, using data collected urban environments Lincoln, Nebraska. the study impact lane w...

We introduce in this paper a new heuristic constraint for PRF models, referred to as the Document Frequency (DF) constraint, which is validated through a series of experiments with an oracle. We then analyze, from a theoretical point of view, state-of-the-art PRF models according to their relation with this constraint. This analysis reveals that the standard mixture model for PRF in the languag...